Gypsies in Russia are a very heterogeneous conglomerate of Gypsy “nations” and sub-ethnic groups , which can only conditionally be attributed to one “nationality” in the framework of state censuses. Due to the large regional differences, gypsy groups in Russia are characterized by strong fragmentation by language and religion [1] . At the same time, there are common features in terms of lifestyle and life. The collapse of the USSR as a whole negatively affected the socio-economic situation of Roma, especially in the former national republics [2] . As a result of the intensification of Gypsy migrations towards large Russian megacities, the Gypsy population of Russia became even more numerous and diverse: in addition to the “autochthonous” group of Russian Gypsies ( Ruska Roma ), new groups of Moldovan [3] and Hungarian Gypsies ( Magyars ) appeared in Russia [4] , as well as Central Asian Muslim gypsies ( mugaty , lyuli ) [5] .
Content
- 1 History
- 2 Demographics
- 3 Resettlement
- 4 See also
- 5 notes
History
The first mention of gypsies in Russia dates back to the time of Anna Ioannovna (1733). In 1774, Count Orlov founded in Moscow a gypsy chapel (choir) [6]
Demographics
At the beginning of the XXI century, in terms of fertility, gypsies in Russia are second only to the Ingush and ahead of the Chechens [7] . Due to the continued high birth rate, gypsies are gradually becoming one of the largest national groups in the Russian Federation. From 2002 to 2010, according to population censuses, the number of Roma in Russia increased from 182.8 to 205.0 thousand people [7] .
Settlement
Up to 90% of gypsies live in the European part of the country and in the Urals [1] . In Siberia and the Far East, a local group of Siberian gypsies ( Siberian Roma ) was formed as a result of links. Gypsies generally gravitate towards the southern regions of the country. For example, the density of the gypsy population in the three southern regions of the country (Rostov Region, Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories) exceeds the national average by 4 times, and in the Stavropol Territory - by 7 times. In the 70s, the gypsies had a growing tendency towards a peculiar suburbanization, expressed in the desire to organize their small quarters from private houses in low-rise suburbs of large Russian cities, thus combining the advantages of urban and rural life. A truly nomadic way of life is maintained only by the relatively recent Central Asian gypsy lyuli who have recently appeared in Russia, but even here it has been combined until recently with a periodic return to their homeland to collect an autumn harvest.
See also
- Russian gypsies
- Roma (gypsies)
- Gypsies
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 [1]
- ↑ Bartosh O. Gypsies of Belarus
- ↑ Moldova: Where wine is - there is also a cultural center
- ↑ Yakimov A.N. In the parking lot of the gypsy-Magyars
- ↑ Nikolai Bessonov. Central Asian Gypsies and their Nomad in Russia
- ↑ Behind the gypsy star nomad
- ↑ 1 2 Interethnic differences in fertility in Russia: long-term trends