Battle of Haram , Battle of Haram [1] , Haram operation [2] [3] ( Spanish: Batalla del Jarama ) - a military operation during the Spanish Civil War , during which the nationalists of General Franco tried to drive out the Republicans along the Haram River to east of Madrid . As a result of fierce fighting, not one of the parties that suffered heavy losses won.
| Battle of Haram | |||
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Main Conflict: Spanish Civil War Map of the Battle of Haram. February 12-14, 1937 | |||
| date | February 6 - 27, 1937 | ||
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History
By February 1937, as a result of the ongoing Civil War in Spain and the defense of Madrid , the warring parties reached a certain parity, realizing that the war would be very long. Under these conditions, the rebel command of General Franco decided to strike 30 km south of Madrid, cut the Madrid - Valencia highway and encircle the capital, hoping that Madrid would not be able to resist for a long time. The main task of the republican command was to forestall the enemy’s strike on Madrid and defeat him before he could undertake his operation.
Republican plans began to be developed back in December 1936, eventually becoming known to nationalists. Therefore, the main blow to the plan was delivered from the east of the Harama River to the rear of the main enemy location near Madrid. In the very first days of the fighting, it was planned to cut the highway to Toledo . A further offensive was to develop on Getafe - Alcorcon and Brunet . The commander of the Central Front, General Posas, was to lead the battle. His adviser was General Cooper, the Soviet commander Grigory Kulik . The operation was preparing slowly, which was hindered by difficulties on the railways and the slow development of Soviet weapons by recruits, as well as some carelessness. In addition, the command system of troops was incorrectly organized. As a result, the fate of the republican offensive was not decided by the military command of the Republic, but by the nationalists, who knew the details of the plan, and they took proactive actions.
The battle began on the morning of February 6, 1937, with the blow of the Franco nationalists. The fights continued with varying success until February 27 , when both sides ran out of steam. The main outcome of the battle was the failure of the third campaign in Madrid. The nationalists did not manage to encircle Madrid , but the only motorway connecting the capital with the rest of the republic was under the fire of their artillery. The Republicans made some organizational conclusions based on the results of the battle, in particular, General Posas was removed from his post and General Miahu was appointed to the post of commander of the Central Front.
In Culture
The battle of Haram and the participation of inter-brigades in it is dedicated to the song “Jarama Valley”. The first version mentioned the British Inter-Brigade Battalion , the subsequent ones (like the Russian translation) - the American Lincoln Battalion .
Sources
- Danilov S. Yu. The Civil War in Spain (1936-1939). Veche, 2004.
- Hugh Thomas. The civil war in Spain. 1931-1939 "Centerpolygraph", 2003.
Notes
- ↑ Arévalo Molina, Jacinto M .; Gónzalez Fraile, Julián: La batalla del Jarama, en: Frente de Madrid (Revista de GEFREMA), n ° 9 / marzo de 2007.
- ↑ Haram operation // Soviet Historical Encyclopedia : in 16 vol. / Ed. E. M. Zhukova . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1961-1976.
- ↑ Spanish Revolution 1931-1939 // Great Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vols.] / Ch. ed. Yu.S. Osipov . - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2004—2017.
Links
- Battle of Haram 1937
- Valle del Jarama (Spanish)
- La batalla de Goyo por el Jarama (Spanish)