Leskovitsa ( Ukrainian. Liskovitsya ) is a multi-layered settlement near the village of Neslukhov in the Kamenka-Bugsky district of the Lviv region , which dates from the VI – VII century.
The settlement belongs to the Chernyakhov culture and is included in the microregion of the early Slavic settlement, located about 40 km east of Lviv in the vicinity of Busk and Plesnesk , known in scientific literature since the end of the XIX century. The name comes from the place where the settlement was discovered, namely in the Grabark and Leskovitsa tracts located 1 km north-west of the village of Neslukhov .
The settlement near the village of Neslukhov and the three monuments near the village of Repnev are related to each other and represent the Busko-Plesnes microregion of the early Slavic settlement. The Lviv and Busko-Plesnes microregions are geographically very close to each other, but they are divided among themselves, since the settlement of the first of them carries the traditions of Naddnistriana construction with stoves, and the other, of many Volyn settlements with clay stoves.
Content
The excavations of Karol Hadachek (1898–1899, 1903)
The settlement was opened by Karol Hadachek, who in 1898−1899 and 1903 conducted the first excavations [Hadaczek, 1900, s. 48–59].
K. Gadachek during his studies in Vienna (1897–1900). He specialized in classical archeology , pre-history and numismatics , and actively collaborated with the Vienna Institute of Archeology. During the holidays, collected the antiquities of Galicia and independently conducted archaeological explorations. In the years 1898-1899. in the tract Grabarka near with. He found out the assholes of a multi-layered settlement of at least three archaeological epochs: the Bronze Age , the period of the fields of the burial urns, and Kievan Rus of the 11th — 12th centuries
In 1901 a collection of antique numismatic-archaeological materials came out, which K. Gadachek managed to gather on the lands of eastern Galicia.
Markiyan Smeshko's excavations (1946)
From July 25 to August 10, 1946, excavations were carried out on the settlement of the period of the fields of burial urns in Neslukhov by an expedition led by Markiyan Smeshko. The expedition consisted of researchers - I. Didyk, A. Biovska and engineer V. Manastyrsky. In fact, research in Neslukhov M. Smeshko planned for 1941, but the war did not give an opportunity to realize these plans. And only in 1946 more or less systematic field work began (in 1945. Field work was of an intelligence nature and was carried out by several workers). M. Smeshko concentrated his research in Leskovits (K. Gadachek dug in the village of Grabarka - the neighboring sections of one valley).
During the excavation, an irregular-oval-shaped structure with a cellar was discovered - the base of the structure had a continuous layer of clay plaster and had a four-coal shape 6.5 × 4.5 m in size. Under the building there was a cellar pit to a depth of 1.6 m. Along with A large number of pottery found here a fragment of bronze tableware.
Among the archaeological objects found in the course of research, he also recorded the remains of two kilns carved into the mainland, whose vaults are lined with stones. In the ruins of the furnaces next to the pottery ceramics of Chernyakhov was also stucco. The characteristic of molded ceramics completely coincides with signs of the same type of ceramics of Cherepin: thick-walled, with the application of chamotte and coarse grains of sand. The main form was a pot with bulging sides, vertical or weakly curved outwards crowns, a hilly surface, with traces of smoothing. General The ratio of molded ceramic products in the circular dish was 50%. Based on the research results, M. Smeshko concluded that the availability of such material should expand the chronology of the settlement near Neslukhov by the 5th century . and further, that there should be a connection between the Chernyakhov period and the time of the formation of large tribal associations.
Other, however, few finds correspond to the character of the same memorable complex: conical and biconical plates, a bone comb with an arcuate back and an iron knife ... This definition is fully confirmed by the material that Gadachek obtained in the second part of this village.
Excavations of Vladimir Tsigilik (1983)
In 1983, in the natural boundary Leskovitsa V. Tsigilik laid the excavation area of 320 m² and found the remains of housing and five economic pits. The remains of housing is a square semi-dugout measuring 4.2 × 4.2 meters. In the northeast corner there is a stove, the walls of which are carved from the continental remnants (a characteristic feature of the later Slavic dwellings of the Western Bug basin). The horseshoe-shaped furnace, its overlap was set forth from the so-called clay rollers (loaves). The remains of a stucco pot close to the early Slavonic types of ceramics were found on the pod. In the central-western part of the dwelling, remains of a basement pit were found, deepened 0.85 m from the floor of the dwelling. Two steps led to it and it could have a wooden ceiling [1] . The dwelling found pottery ceramics, stucco pots, as well as an entire molded pot on the hearth of a clay kiln. It has a typical form, which has become characteristic of the pots of the early Slavic settlements [2] .
Notes
- Visnyk Institute of Archeology, Vipusk 1, Lviv National University of Ivanovo Frank, 2006
- ↑ V. Tsigilik. Before feeding on the ethnocultural situation at the top of the subdistrict in the first half of the first tis. n e. Materiali i doslіdzhenny z archeologії Prikarpattya i Volinі. Vip 12. 2008. p. 162-169.
Literature
- Gadaczek K. Grabarka Niesluchowska // Teka konserwatorska. - Lwyw, 1900. - Z. 2.
- Smіshko M. Zvіt about the settlement of the village "Pole pohovan" from Neslukhov in 1946 r. // APUSSR. - 1949. - V. 1. - p. 189–205.
- Tsygylyk V., Ivanovsky V. Settlement at with. Neslukhov // AO 1983 - M., 1984. - p. 369-370.