Vsevolozhsky, Vsevolod Alekseevich (Social Democrat)

Vsevolod Alekseevich Vsevolozhskiy was born on April 13, 1872 in the village of Anninsky in the Elizavetgrad district, his father’s family estate, in the family of a justice of the peace, a retired comrade of the Bessarabian regional court prosecutor; baptized on May 7 in Anninsky Nativity of the Baptist Church. Belonged to one of the oldest noble families of Russia ; his grandfather, Dmitry Alekseevich , major general, was the manager of Caucasian Mineral Waters , great-grandfather, Alexei Matveevich , also major general - the chief of the Elisavetgrad hussar regiment, a hero of the Patriotic War of 1812 . In his own words: “ The family was old-noble. Father is an extreme conservative; mother is a liberal, sixties . I grew up under her influence ... To the estate ... I did not ascribe for fundamental reasons . "

After his father, having sold the estate, moved with his family to Kiev in 1881, he studied at a real school, where his classmate was P.K. Zaporozhets ; He was together with A. V. Lunacharsky in the Kiev General Marxist Center; the famous Menshevik I.N. Moshinsky subsequently recalled:

Due to disagreements with his father and elder brother Vladimir , later a prominent figure in the monarchist movement, he left home at 16, earned his living with lessons and sawing wood. He worked in an illegal literacy committee, headed a working school in Podil , was detained by the police, searched and, due to the discovery of Volume I of Karl Marx’s Capital, was expelled from a real school, only in the spring of 1894 he received permission to pass exams for the school course (including special statistical class).

“By unreliability” was not allowed in the educational institutions of St. Petersburg and Moscow and in the fall of 1894 entered the Riga Polytechnic in the mechanical department, a year later transferred to the agricultural. According to the gendarme administration, he studied "at the expense of the uncle of the landowner Mikhail Golubov," a retired member of the Elisavetgrad district court. After listening to the full course, he could not graduate from the Polytechnic Institute - in 1896 and 1897 he was arrested twice, kept for several months in the Riga Provincial and Mitava Prisons, in the spring of 1898 he was released “on bail of 200 rubles” and sent to Chernigov before being sentenced, and On February 24, 1899, without trial, he was exiled by the High Command for three years to the Vyatka province. As a nobleman, he went into exile at his own expense, and not by stage.

He was serving a term of exile both in Vyatka and in the district cities of the province: Malmyzhe , Yaransk , Slobodsky . He served on the statistical committee of the Vyatka provincial zemstvo council, headed the appraisal department (the “table”), published several printed works on the valuation of land and real estate in various counties of the Vyatka province. At the same time, he entered the Vyatka United Revolutionary Organization (social democrats, socialist revolutionaries, etc.) ^[2] , was in charge of the exile box office, organized and financed the shoots (later in the autobiography, like that, separated by a comma, and wrote: “he was in charge of the exile box office, organization shoots "). Since he was forbidden to live in the central provinces, after the expiration of the period of exile he remained in Vyatka; the wife left home, taking the children with her. During the Revolution of 1905, he joined the Vyatka Council of Workers 'Deputies from the railway workers' workshops, after which he was forced to hide for some time, and then left with his second family in Siberia and the Far East. In 1911-1913 he served as a representative of the insurance companies "Russia" and "Salamander" in Omsk, in 1913-1916 in Vladivostok and Harbin, at the beginning of 1917 he transferred to Yekaterinburg.

Finding himself in Petrograd in February 1917, he took part in the February Revolution , in March he was sent to Vyatka, where he became chairman of the Commission of Inquiry, then chairman of the Vyatka Council of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies, member of the provincial executive committee. He was a member of the committee of the Vyatka Organization of Social Democrats-Mensheviks; He participated in the elections to the Constituent Assembly on the list of the party of the Mensheviks-"United" .

After the transfer of power to the Bolsheviks, temporarily leaving his wife and five children in Vyatka, in the family of his father-in-law, he returned to Yekaterinburg to his former duty station. In July-August 1918 he was invited to participate in the work of the Provisional Regional Government of the Urals and took the post of Comrade Chief Financial Officer. The General Manager, who is also a friend of the Chairman of the Ural Government and the leader of the Ural Cadets, L. A. Krol , who was mainly concerned with the formation of a unified All-Russian power and relations with other white governments and practically did not take part in direct work on managing the finances of the Urals, later recalled :

Being a socialist, after the Kolchak coup, V. A. Vsevolozhsky was forced to flee through Vladivostok to Japan; managed to return to Soviet Russia to his family only in 1922.

He served in the People's Commissariat of Food, the People's Commissariat of Finance (in Petrograd, Moscow, Rostov-on-Don), and headed the agricultural statistics department of the USSR State Insurance . The regular attempts of all kinds of commissions to “clean out” V. A. Vsevolozhsky, the former Menshevik, since 1918, non-partisan, from the central apparatus of co-institutions constantly ran into strong resistance from a number of prominent old Bolsheviks who knew him well from the Vyatka exile.

In 1932, at the request of the All-Union Society of Political Prisoners and Exiles, he received a personal pension and left Moscow almost immediately, thereby avoiding reprisals. In 1932-1934 worked as an economist in the planning department of the Donetsk regional executive committee, in 1934-1936 in Kiev, a consultant to the Gosstrakh of the Ukrainian SSR, and in 1939, eight months (from April to December) - a planner and economist at the Nikolsky Timber Chemical Plant ( Askino village , Bashkir ASSR). In 1940 he returned to Moscow and, being " like a Menshevik " deprived of a personal VOPSovskoy pension, he again went to work in the State Committee of the USSR.

He died in the spring of 1943 in the house of veterans in Kolomna.

Father - Aleksey Dmitrievich Vsevolozhsky (August 23, 1838, probably Stavropol - November 24, 1894, Kiev), the eldest son of General D. A. Vsevolozhsky , manager of the Caucasian Mineral Waters, the “official Caucasian pupil” of the Imperial School of Law (1860) , comrade of the prosecutor of the Bessarabian Regional Court (1867-1871), then a justice of the peace in Yelisavetgrad, vowel of the Kherson provincial and Yelisavetgrad district zemstvo assemblies, since 1881 - sworn attorney at the Kiev district court, court counselor.

Mother - Maria Nikolaevna, nee Golubova (September 8, 1844, Nikolaev - after 1915), daughter of college adviser and gentleman Nikolai Ivanovich Golubov (c. 1789, village of Novo-Petrovskoye, Kherson district - February 16, 1845, Nikolaev), son of a priest Kasperovka of the Kherson district, graduate of the Ekaterinoslav Theological Seminary, in 1813-1824 a teacher of Russian grammar, logic, rhetoric and history at the Black Sea Navigation School (Nikolaev), since 1832 the ruler of the office of the Nikolaev and Sevastopol military governor; granddaughter and great-granddaughter of the main masters of mathematical and physical instruments of the Black Sea Fleet, Ivan and Vasily Sveshnikov.

The elder brother is Vladimir (August 21, 1870, Elisavetgrad - after 1920), a graduate of the law faculty of the Imperial University of St. Vladimir (Kiev), official on special assignments under the Kostroma governor , since 1909 - senior adviser to the Arkhangelsk provincial government, college adviser. A well-known figure in the monarchist movement, a prominent member of the Union of the Russian people , secretary of the Council of Monarchist Congresses of Russia. In the Civil War - in the Armed Forces of the South of Russia, since 1920 in exile, his further fate is unknown.

Sisters - Alexandra (June 15, 1867, Chisinau - 1918; married to Ippolit Vladimirovich Kovalevsky, pharmacist of the Kiev Military Hospital, court counselor); Mary (1880-1965).

The first wife - Zinaida Matveevna Ganshina (born c. 1874 - went missing in 1941), followed her husband into exile, but left Vyatka around 1903. Daughter Ksenia (1900-1988), son Vladimir (1901-1937), in 1937 - chairman of the Donetsk regional executive committee, candidate member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b) U.

The second wife (from 1905, officially from 1935) - Valentina Ivanovna Yakovleva (1879-1956), daughter of the Vyatka merchant of the 2nd guild. In 1900-1904 studied at the Women's Medical Institute , was involved in an inquiry in the case of the St. Petersburg organization of the RSDLP, from July to November 1904 was held in the House of Pretrial Detention. Daughters Olga (c. 1907–1918), Tatyana (c. 1912–1918), Elena (1916–1997; graduated from Moscow University, married to Alexander Vasilievich Zhivago, 1914–2009, a prominent Soviet oceanologist, prominent specialist in geomorphology of the seabed; grandchildren Nikolai, Olga), sons Aleksey (1911-1984), gunner-pyrotechnician, guard lieutenant colonel, retired - director of the Avangard stadium in Moscow (grandchildren Vladimir - famous Soviet geologist, chairman of the Russian Union of Hydrogeologists , and Leo - in the 1990s Vice-rector of Kalinin State University, granddaughters Tatyana and Galina); Andrew (c. 1914 — between 1932 and 1936).

• Vsevolozhsky, Vsevolod Alekseevich. // In the book: Figures of the revolutionary movement in Russia. Bio-bibliographic dictionary. From the predecessors of the Decembrists to the fall of tsarism. T. 5: Social Democrats. 1880-1904. Vol. 2 (B – Hm) / Comp. Korolchuk E.A., Levin Sh. M .; Ed. V.I. Nevsky. - M .: All-Union. about watered. convicts and exiles-settlers, 1933, Art. 1062-1065.
• Vsevolozhsky, Vsevolod Alekseevich. // In the book: Nevsky V. Materials for the biographical dictionary of the Social Democrats who joined the Russian labor movement from 1880 to 1905. Issue. I (A — D). - M. — Pg .: State Publishing House, 1923, p. 159.
• Vsevolozhsky V.A. (1899 - 1906). // In the book: P. N. Luppov. Political link to the Vyatka region. - M.: VOPS Publishing House, 1933, p. 129-130.