Hualien ( Chinese trad. 花臉 , ex. 花脸 , pinyin : huāliǎn , literally: “painted face”), also jing ( Chinese trad. 淨 , ex. , Pinyin : jìng , literally: “werewolf”) - male role in the Chinese opera , for which the motley makeup on the whole face of the actor is especially characteristic. It differs from another male role as sheng in that Hualians are endowed with outstanding physical or mental abilities, while the range of Hualien roles can be from outstanding heroes to outstanding villains [1] [2] .
Features Roles
The makeup of each role of Hualian is special and reflects the character's inner world: by the combination of colors in the makeup, you can immediately find out whether it is a positive or a negative hero and what his inner experiences are [2] . So, the red color in the makeup reflects loyalty and courage; black - strength, loyalty and integrity; blue shows courage and determination, even cruelty; white and yellow talk about hidden deceit and tendency to betrayal; the green make-up can say that the character is a villain or a criminal, and that the spirit or demon is in front of the viewer, and also - possibly - a knight; purple color on the face will tell about courage and wisdom; pink and gray - about old age and dignity; golden and silver colors are characteristic of gods, bodhisattvas , buddhas and other immortals [3] [4] .
In order to fully apply the appropriate role of makeup, actors hualyan often have to additionally shave his forehead [4] .
A long broad beard on the face of an actor may indicate a character’s luckiness, a triangular one indicates its refinement, and red and blue beards speak of the divine nature of the hero [4] .
To emphasize that the Hualien characters are outstanding personalities, the costumes and hats of actors are also usually large, the sleeves are long and square [4] .
Among the actors of the role of Hualien should be noted such masters as Jin Shaoshan ( Kit. 金 少 山 ), Xao Shouchen ( Kit. 郝寿臣 ), Hou Sijui ( Kit. 侯喜瑞 ), Qiu Shenzheng ( Kit. 裘盛戎 ), Yuan Shihai ( whale. 袁世海 ) [1] and others.
Varieties
Hualien is divided into three main types of roles [1] [2] :
- Tunchui-Hualien ( Chinese trad. 銅錘 花臉 , Exercise 花脸 , Pinyin : tóngchuí huāliǎn ) - Hualien with a copper war hammer, hulian forefront roles [1] [2] , is considered a big hualian ( Chinese trad. 大 花臉 , р уп 大 , pinyin : dà huāliǎn , pall .: daahu’lian ) Damian can also be called ( Chinese 大инь , pinyin : dàmiàn , literally: “big face”), heitou ( Chinese trad. 黑頭 , ex. , pinyin : hēitóu , literally: “black head”) [5] or Zen-jing ( Chinese trad. 正 淨 , ex. 净 , pinyin : zhèng jìng ) [3] . Typically, the characters of this role - people are aged and have a solid social status. Tongchui-hualyan presupposes predominantly vocal parts without acrobatics. Among the roles of this role - Bao Zheng [3] .
- Jiazi-Hualian ( Chinese trad. 架子 花臉 , Exercise 子 花脸 , Pinyin : jiàzi huāliǎn ) - Hualian supporting roles [1] [2] . It may also be called fu-jing ( Chinese trad. 副 , ex. 净 , pinyin : fù jìng ). The execution of the roles of this role involves more action on the stage and less vocal component, the replicas of jiazi-hualyan are often colloquial, and the characters themselves are colorful and not burdened by worries. Among the roles of this role are often civilian and military employees, but there may be emperors [3] . In connection with the tendency to decrease the volume of pure vocal parts in the Chinese opera, jiazi-hualian with its various forms of acting becomes the most common of the hualian roles [1] .
- San Quiva Hualien ( Chinese trad. 三 塊 瓦 花臉 , Exercise 三 块 瓦 花脸 , Pinyin : sān kuàiwǎ huāliǎn ) - Hualian warrior [1] [2] . It may also be called u-hualyan ( Chinese trad. 武 花臉 , exercise 花脸 , pinyin : wǔ huāliǎn ) or u-jing ( Chinese trad. 武 淨 , exercise 净 , pinyin : wǔ jìng ). The execution of the roles of this role is associated with the use of a large number of acrobatics and martial arts [3] .
It is also important to note such independent varieties of Hualien as shuayda-hualian tumbling and fighting ( Kit. Trad. 花臉 , ex. 花脸 , pinyin : shuāida huāliǎn ; among the roles of this line, as well as among the roles of hulian warrior, are usually heroes and warriors, but shuaida-hualian assumes much more acrobatic numbers), as well as red-faced hun-jing ( Chinese trad. 紅 淨 , ex. 净 , pinyin : hóng jìng ; usually this role is used for the role of Guan Yu and assumes more acrobatic numbers and acting and less vocal component) [3] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Xu Chengbei. Peking Opera = 中国 京剧 俄 / Trans. Sang Hua, He Zhu. - Intercontinental Publishing House of China, 2003. - P. 37—39. - (The spiritual culture of China). - ISBN 9787508503387 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Alexandra B. Bonds. Beijing Opera Costumes . - University of Hawaii Press, 2008. - P. 14-16. - 350 p. - ISBN 9780824829568 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Pertti Seppälä. Role Types of the Peking Opera // Asian Traditional Theater and Dance / Jukka O. Miettinen. - Helsinki: Theater Academy Helsinki. - ISBN 978-952-9765-56-0 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Beth Osnes, Sam Gill. Acting: An International Encyclopedia / editor Sam Gill. - ABC-CLIO, 2001. - P. [144] (col. 1). - 439 p. - ISBN 9780874367959 .
- ↑ Elizabeth Wichmann. Listening to Theater: The Aural Dimension of Beijing Opera . - University of Hawaii Press, 1991. - P. 10. - 342 p. - ISBN 9780824812218 .