Rosen, Conrad de

Belonged to the line Klein-Ropp of the Baltic kind of von Rosen . The third son of Fabian von Rosen, Herr von Klein-Ropp and Reiskum (1590–1633), and Sophia von Mengden (1597–1673).

At the age of 13 he entered the colleges in Riga , where he studied until 1644. Studying and dreaming of a military career, he ran away and joined the cavalry unit of Prince Saxon, passing through the city. Because of his young age, the prince identified Conrad with his page, but he was soon forced to send him to Riga at the request of his parents.

He acted as a cadet to his relative, General von Rosen, who commanded the guards of the Swedish Queen Christina . He killed a captain in a duel, was sentenced to beheading by military council, but managed to flee the country thanks to the assistance of the queen. He went to France to another relative, Lieutenant General Reinhold de Rosen . Traveling through Frankfurt lost all the money. In despair of this loss, in 1651 he enrolled under a false name in the cavalry regiment of Brynon.

Three years served as a private. Having lost a horse, he tried with a few friends to get money through robbery, but was detained. One of his comrades was hanged, and Rosen had to reveal his real name to Colonel Count de Brynon to avoid being executed. The colonel, who was on good terms with Reinhold de Rosen, appointed his relative cornet (1654).

In the same year, as part of the army of Marshal La Ferte, he participated in the siege of Belfort , who surrendered on February 23, in crossing the Arras defensive lines on August 25, taking Clermont en Argonne on November 24.

During the siege of Landresse on July 14, 1655, he was promoted to lieutenant. He served during the siege of Conde , taken on August 18 by marshals of Turenne and La Ferte, then during the siege of Saint-Julien, who capitulated on the 25th.

In 1656 he became captain in the regiment of Brinon, where his colleagues at that time were Count von Nassau-Ottweiler and Nicola Katin . He served in the army of La Ferte, who took on July 16 Valenciennes . August 6, 1657 participated in the capture of Montmedia , August 30, 1658 - Gravelina .

With the beginning of the Devolutionary War, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel of the cavalry regiment of Rosen, mobilized on November 20, 1667. On December 30, after the death of Reingold, he was commanded by his regiment, but already on May 26, 1668, after signing the peace, he was disbanded.

Rosen was so unhappy with the end of the war and the need to disband the soldiers that he intended to leave the service permanently. With the beginning of the Dutch War, the Minister of War Louwua did not easily convince him to take up arms again.

After receiving a commission on the formation of a cavalry regiment on August 23, 1671, Rosen entered under the command of Marshal Turenne, the old enemy of his father-in-law, and became his confidant.

In the campaign of 1672, he participated in the conquest of Mazek and Saint-Throne on May 15, Tongeren on the 26th, Buric (June 3), Rees (June 7), Arnhem (June 15), Fort Schenck (June 19), Nimwegen (July 9) , islands and cities of Bommel (September 9).

In 1673, in the army of the king took part in the siege and capture of Maastricht (June 29).

In the campaign of 1674 in the army of Prince Condé fought bravely in the battle of Senefe (August 11), and participated in the release of Audenarde (August 21), besieged by the Prince of Orange .

March 12, 1675 produced in the foremen . He served at the Siege of Limburg , surrendered by Count von Nassau on June 21. October 30, appointed inspector of cavalry for the winter.

It was during the siege of Condé, surrendered on April 26, 1676, to Buschen (May 11), Era (July 31), and the Allies ’siege of Maastricht (August 27).

Participated in the capture of Valenciennes by the king on March 17, 1677, then in the capture of Cambrai (April 5; the citadel - on the 17th). He prevented the enemy troops from coming to the aid of the besieged and was dangerously wounded during this siege.

January 20, 1678 produced in the camp marshals . As part of the Flemish army went to the siege of Ghent , who surrendered to the king on March 9 (the castle - the 12th), and Ypres (taken March 25).

In the campaign of 1679 he fought under the authority of Marshal Kreki . On June 21, he defeated the Brandenburgers in one and a half leagues from Minden , and on the 30th he defeated them when crossing the Weser , capturing enemy trenches.

In 1680 he was sent by the king to Alsace with a commission to the dauphin ; at the same time he bought from Baronius Bolweiler (Bolviller) from the graphs of Fugger. The following year, he moved from Lutheranism to Catholicism.

In November 1682, he was removed from the command of the regiment, and on December 1 he was assigned to the corps of the Marquis de La Truss, sent to Piedmont . In 1686-1687 under the command of the same commander he served in Languedoc in the Cevennes .

January 7, 1688 appointed commander in Roussillon , at the time of the absence of the Marquis de Chaseron. I was there for four months. August 24 promoted to lieutenant general of the king’s armies.

In 1688 he commanded the French expeditionary forces sent to the aid of Jacob II to Ireland. With a thousand cavalrymen, swimming crossed the Finn River in full view of the regular enemy detachment of 8,000 men, which he then defeated. For this success, Stuart in 1689 produced Rosen in the marshals of Ireland.

April 19, 1690 is defined in the German army, which did not take active action in that year. On July 16, he received the position of cavalry general lagermeister vacant after the death of Baron de Montclare.

March 14, 1691 appointed to the king's army of Flanders. He was at the siege of Mons , who capitulated on April 9, then acted in the forces of Marshal of Luxembourg and fought in the battle of Löse on September 18.

April 30, 1692 sent to the army of the Dauphin and Marshal of Luxembourg. Was at the siege of Namur , taken by the king on June 5 (the castle - on the 30th). On August 3, he fought in the battle of Stenkirk , the next day during the pursuit he defeated two cavalry enemy detachments, killing 30 people and taking the same number of prisoners.

May 8, 1693 received one of the first eight Grand Crosses of the newly founded by the King of the Military Order of St. Louis . Again acted as part of the army of Flemish, commanded the cavalry and right wing in the battle of Neerinden on 29 July. After leading parts of the King’s House to attack, Rosen made a significant contribution to the victory in this hard and bloody battle. Then he distinguished himself during the siege of Charleroi , taken on October 11.

In the campaign of 1694 in Flanders participated in the famous march of the French from Viñamon to Espieru on 22 August.

Was during the bombardment of Brussels August 13-15, 1695.

April 17, 1696 and May 7, 1697 was also assigned to the Flanders Army, where he commanded cavalry. It was located at the siege of Ata , who capitulated on June 5, 1697.

On August 13, 1698, he was sent to the Kuduena camp, near Compiegne . He commanded cavalry there, and during the maneuvers that reproduced the siege of the fortress in detail, he led a group of troops opposing parts of Marshal Buffler and the Duke of Burgundy .

Unusual in scope and pomp theatrical performance, held on September 13, is described by the Duke de Saint-Simon :

The last act of the play was a battle between the first and second lines of troops in full force. One was commanded by Monsieur Rosen, the first of the lieutenant-generals, the other by Marshal de Buffler, under whom the general was Monsignor Duke of Burgundy. The spectacle was watched by the King, Madame Duchess of Burgundy, Princes, Ladies, the whole court and many curious; The king and all the men — on horseback, the ladies — in carriages. The play was played flawlessly and lasted quite a long time; but when it came the turn of the second line to retreat under the onslaught of the enemy, Rosen could not decide on this, which considerably delayed the action. Monsieur de Buffler more than once notified him on behalf of the Monsignor of the Duke of Burgundy that it was time to retreat; but Rosen fell into a rage and refused to obey. The king, who personally charted the course of the battle, laughed very much and, looking at the endless movements of the adjutants and the protracted battle, said: "Rosen does not like to play the role of the defeated." Finally, he personally ordered him to retreat. Rosen obeyed, but was so unhappy that he tore the annoyance of the adjutant who had sent the order. All the way back and the whole evening, and only talked about it.

- Saint-Simon . Memoirs, with. 435

In the same year, Louis XIV received 200,000 livres from the inheritance of the finance superintendent and President of the Paris Parliament, Claude de Bulon , in compensation for possessions confiscated from enemies and granted to the earl during the war, but again departed to the enemy according to the terms of the Risviksky world ^{[1 ]} .

April 21, 1702 was appointed commander of a separate corps of the Flanders Army, Duke of Burgundy. June 11 defeated enemy cavalry in front of Nimwegen. In this battle, the Allies lost 1,200 people and part of the wagon train, while the French collected rich booty.

January 14, 1703 at Versailles produced in the marshals of France. On the 20th he took the oath, and was dismissed from the post of cavalry general camper, with permission to sell it for 222,500 livres.

On January 1, he was granted the knights of the order of the king , received the chain of the Holy Spirit on February 2, 1705 in the Versailles Chapel.

After that, Rosen retired to his Bolweiler castle in Upper Alsace. A zealous Christian, he still in 1699 ordered to build a chapel there, and founded the priory to provide the means of the priest who served in this place, established the masses and the distribution of alms, and also laid a life pension to his servants.

He died in Bolweiler on August 3, 1715, and was buried, according to the will, without a pump and noise, in the family crypt in the Feldkirch church.

According to de Courcel , the troops loved Rosen for his generally accepted courage and generosity to the distinguished. An incident that occurred when he was a lieutenant colonel of a regiment of the same name, garrisoned in Metz , testifies to his toughness and presence of mind. When the soldiers refused to march, under the pretext of an unpaid salary, Rosen immediately turned to the rebels and ordered the first captain to line up the people and march. Having been refused, he immediately smashed his head with a pistol shot, after which he repeated his order to the next captain. He obeyed without hesitation, and the rest of the regiment followed him.

Herzog de Saint-Simon, who fought along with the count in Flanders, mentions him several times in his “Memoirs”, since Rosen during the campaigns graciously provided him with a house in Strasbourg for the purpose of standing ^[2] . In particular, regarding the introduction in the army of the posts of directors and inspectors of combat arms who, in the opinion of Saint-Simon, infringed "the rights and dignity of cavalry and dragoon generals" ^[3] , he adds:

Rosen, a nobleman from Pomerania in the service in the French army, who, despite his noble birth, only lucky die saved from execution for looting ^{[K 2]} , and who served to the rank of lieutenant-general and general camper of cavalry, turned out to be such a cunning beast, which did not even take offense, but, on the contrary, began to praise innovation.

- Saint-Simon . Memoirs, with. 162

Wife (2/3/1660): Maria Sophia de Rosen Gross-Ropp (08.1638–8.10.1686), eldest daughter and heiress of Reinhold de Rosen , Herr von Gross-Ropp in Livonia, Lieutenant General of the King’s Armies, and Anna Margaty von Eppa. Remained Lutheran, buried next to his parents in the castle Detviller .

Children:

• three children , mind. in infancy
• Reynold-Charles de Rosen (01/10/1666–13.06.1744), Count de Bolviller, Lieutenant General. Wife (07.13.1698): Marie-Beatrice-Octavius ​​de Gramont (in Franche-Comte , d. 1756), daughter of Count Jean-Gabriel de Gramont and Helene-Emeté de Montagu-Buravan
• Georges-Christophe de Rosen , known as Chevalier de Rosen . Page on the main royal stable from January 1, 1681. Captain of the Royal Infantry Regiment, died in the Battle of Neerwinden at the age of 23 years.
• Anna-Jeanne de Rosen (01/12/1662—17.04.1727). Husband (11/13/1682): Count Nikola-Frederik de Rottenburg (died 1715), camp marshal
• Marie-Sophie de Rosen . (12.12.1663-1740). Husband (03/18/1968): Baron Meinrad de Planta de Wildenberg (died 1693), lieutenant colonel of the infantry, killed at Neherinden
• Louise-Margarita de Rosen ^{[K 3]} (1670–26.04.1746). Nun- visitation in Nancy since 1686 (under the name of Louise-Francoise). Prioress of the Monastery of the Visit in Nancy since 1706
• Jeanne-Rene de Rosen (1671—). Nancy visitation in Nancy
• Catherine Madeleine de Rosen (1675—). Nancy visitation in Nancy

• Père Anselme . Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France. T. VII. - P .: Companie des Librairies, 1733. , pp. 656, 658
• Courcelle J.-B.-P., de . Dictionnaire historique et biographique des généraux Francais depuis le onzième siècle jusqu'en 1823. T. IX. - P., 1823, pp. 60-64
• La Roque L. de , Catalog historique des généraux français. - P .: Desaide, 1896, pp. 141-142
• Mémoires historians concernant l'ordre royal et militaire de Saint-Louis. P., 1785, p. 66
• Pinard F.-J.-G. Chronologie historique-militaire. T. III - P .: Claude Herissant, 1761, pp. 131–136
• Sitzmann É. Dictionnaire de biographie des hommes célèbres de l'Alsace: depuis les temps les plus reculés jusqu'a nos jours. T. ii. - Rixheim: F. Sutter et C, 1910. , pp. 607-608
• Saint-Simon, L. de, Duke . Memoirs. 1691-1701. - M .: Ladomir, Science, 2007. - ISBN 978-5-86218-476-1 .