Marigold wolf [1] [2] or large-eyed big [3] ( Latin Hyponephele lupina ) is a species of butterflies from the family of marigolds .
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| Hyponephele lupina (Costa, 1836) |
Etymology of the Latin name
Lupina (from Latin) - “wolf” [3] [2] .
Description
Fore wing 21–27 mm long. The upper side of the front wings of males has a dark gray androconial field. In females, black “eyes” on the wings are located on separate ocher spots. The underside of the hind wings is gray, without a brown hue.
Habitat and habitat
North-West Africa, Southern Europe, Turkey, Israel, Lebanon, Iraq, Iran, the Caucasus and Transcaucasia, the southern part of Ukraine and European Russia, Kazakhstan to the east to the Tien Shan and Pribaikalye [4] . Findings from the East Caucasus are also known. Locally found in Crimea [3] .
Inhabits the plain and mountain steppes with bushes, cereal-grass or wormwood-steppe, anthropogenic stations in the vicinity of settlements, steppe beams, saline steppes, flat sand breakers, dry-growing woodlands, floodplain woodlands. In the Crimea and the Caucasus, butterflies are often found near stony and rocky areas.
Biology
It develops in one or two generations, in most areas in the south of its range - in one generation. The flight time of the butterflies is from the end of May to mid-September. Butterflies feed on the nectar of various herbaceous plants, overripe fruit juice and sweet aphid secretions. Sometimes they can also be attracted by flowing tree sap [2] . In hot weather, butterflies usually hide in the shade of shrubs, and spend a night's rest on the leaves or branches of shrubbery. The eggs are laid by the female one at a time on the stems and leaves of fodder plants - cereals, such as bluegrass , wheat grass , fescue , hedgehog team . . Caterpillars hatch in the fall, do not feed and winter at the first age. Begin to eat in the spring. Caterpillars live openly on the leaves of cereals. They grow by the end of their development to 25-30 mm. Pupae on stalks of cereals [1] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Sochivko A.V., Kaabak L.V. Key to butterflies of Russia. Day butterflies. - M.: World of Encyclopedias Avanta +, Astrel, 2012 .-- 320 s
- ↑ 1 2 3 Butterflies of the Caucasus: Hyponephele lupina (Costa, 1836) - Wolfgirl
- ↑ 1 2 3 Lvov A.L., Morgun D.V. Lepidoptera Lepidoptera in Eastern Europe. - M .: Partnership scientific. ed. KMK, 2007. - 442, [1] p., [4] p. ill .: ill. - (Keys to the flora and fauna of Russia; issue 8).
- ↑ Ottokar Kudrna: The Distribution Atlas of European Butterflies. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, ISBN 87-88757-56-0
Links
Literature
- Lvovsky A. L., Morgun D. V. Lepidoptera Lepidoptera in Eastern Europe. - M .: Partnership scientific. ed. KMK, 2007. - 442, [1] p., [4] p. ill .: ill. - (Keys to the flora and fauna of Russia; issue 8).