Roginsky, Roman

Born February 28 or 29, 1840 in the city of Lovic . Father Jozef Roginsky worked as the head of the detention center in Warsaw . Mother - Isabella Roginskaya.

In 1861 he graduated from the Warsaw Real School , while still studying in which he maintained contacts with underground Polish patriotic organizations. In 1861 he participated in the Horodal manifestation , and in a number of smaller actions.

In January 1862 , an arrest warrant was issued for Roginsky, but thanks to his father’s help, he managed to escape to Paris , after which he went to Cuneo , where he was admitted to the Polish military school .

He returned to Warsaw in October 1862. He was immediately appointed secretary to the Central National Committee . In November 1862 he received the title of Commissioner of the Podlaskie Voivodeship . After which he arrived there with an inspection and set up his underground headquarters and several arms depots prepared for the start of the uprising in the city of Biala Podlaska .

In January 1863, with the start of the uprising under the command of Roginsky, only about 100 people gathered. On the night of January 11 (23), he made an unsuccessful attempt to capture Biała Podlaska, but was forced to retire from the city, having lost about 40 people killed and captured in battle with the local garrison. However, already on January 17 (29), having gathered about 1,000 people under his command, he again attacked Byala-Podlaska, which he occupied on the same day without encountering significant resistance, because regular troops under the command of General Mamaev left the village a few days earlier.

However, already on January 19 (31), 1863, Roginsky was again forced to retreat from the place, having been defeated in a battle with regular troops under the command of Major General Ivan Nostits, who came to disperse the rebel detachment from Brest . Taking his detachment north, Roginsky on January 22 (February 3) moved with his detachment West Bug .

He was again defeated at Semyatichi on January 26 (February 7), 1863. Roginsky the next day began to urgently retreat east. Deciding that he could, if he did not occupy Podlaska, at least capture a small place Vysokoye , but Roginsky was disappointed there, he realized that he was completely surrounded by regular troops and refused to occupy Vysokoye (then Vysoko-Litovsk), and decided to break through with the detachment from 200 rebels to the village of Verpellier. Roginsky’s detachment pursued about 400 regular troops with 2 guns under the command of Colonel Yanishevsky.

In the afternoon of January 27 (February 8), Roginsky's rebels appeared on the estate of Prince Xavier Sapieha in the vicinity of Vysoky, with an offer to join the rebellion. Sapega paid the rebels a “voluntary fee” in the amount of 6 horses, 2 hunting rifles and 250 rubles, but he refused to join the detachment, and did not allow any of his peasants to do so. After which the rebels of Roginsky left the estate. ^[one]

After a clash near the village of Zubachi on January 28 (February 9), 1863, in which Roginsky suffered losses, about 17 killed, one convoy and 20 prisoners, the rebels again moved to the southeast.

The next clash with regular troops at the village of Korolev Most on January 30 (February 11) turned out to be a new defeat for Roginsky, he lost 12 people killed and 20 prisoners, against only 1 killed and 3 wounded among Russians. ^[2]

However, despite this, already in the morning of January 31 (February 12), rebels from the Roginsky detachment occupied Shereshevo . There, they took 20 horses and 15 carts from the local stable, as well as the kidnappers of 93 rubles from the local village government, the building of which was then burned.

On the night of February 1 (13), 1863, Roginsky’s detachment, combined the day before with the detachment of the landowner Stanislav Songin, with a total of up to 200 people, occupied Pruzhany without a fight, where they captured more than 100 rifles and 1720 bullets from an armory, and 3 convoys food from the warehouse. In addition, the rebels stole 10.800 rubles in the local treasury. ^[3]

Also the next day, not far from Pruzhany, in the town of Nevel, they broke a Russian postal escort following from Pinsk . As a result, a group of 50 rebels killed 6 security soldiers, an officer accompanying the post office, Captain Bereznevich was seriously wounded and "cut by sabers and peaks" they hung from a tree. The only one released by the rebels was the coachman Kohlberg, who was wounded by the rebels in the arm of a revolver.

As a result of the ambush, the insurgents took possession of postal correspondence and 55,460 rubles, 58 kopecks. Also, the rebels took all the horses (5 pieces) and burned the carriage and the bridge over the Yaselda River, on which the shootout took place.

After that, a detachment of Stanislav Sagin and his deputy Broneslav Rylsky, who gathered up to 250 personnel from Pruzhany, again moved to Semyatichi to take a place, however, on February 3 (15), 1863, they were overtaken by a detachment of regular troops near the village of Rechitsa 2, 3 and 7 linear companies of the Pskov Regiment under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Wimberg. During a fierce battle, the rebel detachment was dispersed. Stanislav Sangin was killed, as were 83 fighters from their detachment, another 48 rebels were taken prisoner of which 14 were wounded, including Broneslav Rylsky. The losses of the Russian detachment amounted to 2 killed and 3 wounded. ^[four]

Meanwhile, despite the size of his detachment having increased to 400 thanks to volunteers, Roman Roginsky did not dare to take Pinsk , as he had information about a significant garrison of regular troops with several guns. On February 8 (February 20), his detachment was deployed north of Pinsk, in the Slutsk district of Minsk province, in the vicinity of the Barka farm, where already on February 14 (February 26) his rebel unit was completely defeated, after a battle with a detachment of regular troops under the command of Colonel Pavlov. Of the nearly 400 people of his detachment, more than 200 were killed, and another 180 were injured or captured, the loss of the Russians 2 killed and 8 wounded, two of them seriously. Roginsky himself was wounded and about 20 insurgents escaping from the encirclement from his detachment managed to carry them on a stretcher through swamps to Turov . However, already on February 19 (March 3), 1863, he was extradited to the Russian authorities by the owner of the Mlynsky inn , where the rebels hid the wounded Roginsky in one of the rooms. On the same day he was arrested, and the owner was paid 50 rubles of remuneration.

Roman Roginsky was found by regular troops in serious condition, almost dying, and transferred to a military hospital in Brest , where doctors were able to put him on his feet with great difficulty.

Already on March 20 ( April 1 ), 1863 Roginsky began to testify before the commission of inquiry in Warsaw . Collaborating with the investigation, he spoke about the many details of the uprising.

On July 12 (23), 1863 he was sentenced to death by hanging. However, exactly one month later, on August 11 (23), 1863, on the personal request of Major General Nostits , the sentence was reviewed, and the court, taking into account cooperation with the investigation, replaced the death sentence of Roman Roginsky with 20 years of hard labor. Nostits later explained his petition by saying that after several personal conversations with Roginsky he ceased to consider him a “bandit and thoughtless fanatic”, but only a young man who “was mistaken in his views and deeply repented of this.”

In the autumn of 1863, he was sent in exile to a salt factory in the Usolye-Siberian Irkutsk province . In the summer of 1868, again at the request of Nostits, the sentence was again commuted and Roman Roginsky was transferred to a settlement in the village of Vitim, Kirensky district, Irkutsk province. There he first engaged in the manufacture and sale of ham , (?) Then for the good performance of his duties he was appointed manager of alcohol warehouses.

In 1872 he married teacher Ludwick Neumann. From this marriage, in 1876, the son of Wenceslas (1876-1950) was born, and then the daughter of Galina-Ioanka (1884-1972).

In 1892, he returned to the Kingdom of Poland with his family. Settled in Hrubieszow ( Lubelskie Voivodeship ), where he worked as an accountant in a local factory. He was a respected man in the city, including among former veterans of the 1863 uprising who did not know about his betrayal in the investigation.

In collaboration with another former rebel, Alexander Kravsky, he wrote a book of memoirs about the uprising of 1863-1864, entitled "The Diaries of the rebel of 1861-1863," where he greatly exaggerated his role in the uprising and unflatteringly spoke about its leaders.

Several times he personally met with Nostitz, and at least once with his son.

In 1904, the truth about his betrayal during the investigation (?) Was revealed and Roginsky was forced to move to the city of Senyava (then Galicia , Austria-Hungary ), where he died in his sleep on February 15, 1915 .

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