Kayak [1] - a river , flat-bottomed , wooden vessel with one mast ( barge [2] ).
In other parts of Russia (Russia) had other names.
Content
Usage
The kayak was a river ship, widespread on the Dnieper and its tributaries [3] . Such vessels, but of smaller sizes, were also found in Transcaucasia [4] .
Kayaks rode on oars, sailing or hauled from the shore, for example, haulers . In the XVI - XVIII centuries Zaporizhzhya Cherkasy used them as light military vessels to go to sea [5] .
Design
Flat bottom. The length of the canoe was 30–55 meters, the width was 4–8 meters, the draft was 1–1.6 meters, and the carrying capacity was 160–240 tons. It was equipped with one mast with cable-stayed and shafts , as well as a large sail, as on the Volga barks [4] .
Management Method
The kayak was controlled with the help of a special steering oar - aft, and sometimes a nose pace [4] .
Mention in literature
In the historical novel “ Fire and Sword ” (vol. I, chap. XIV) of the Polish writer Henryk Sienkiewicz, a kayak between the Cossacks and German soldiers takes place on a kayak [6] .
See also
- Belyana
- Barking
Notes
- ↑ Kayak // Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language : in 4 volumes / auth. V.I. Dahl . - 2nd ed. - SPb. : Printing house of M.O. Wolf , 1880-1882.
- ↑ Barka // Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language : in 4 volumes / auth. V.I. Dahl . - 2nd ed. - SPb. : Printing house of M.O. Wolf , 1880-1882.
- ↑ V.O. Shcherbak. Kayak // Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine : 10 t.: [ Ukrainian ] / editorial: V. A. Smoliy (head) and ін. ; Institute of History of Ukraine NAS of Ukraine . - K .: Naukova Dumka , 2003 .-- T. 1: A - B. - 688 p. : il. - ISBN 966-00-0734-5 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Dal V. I. Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language. St. Petersburg, 1863-1909.
- ↑ Yavornitsky D.I. History of Zaporizhzhya Cossacks. - T. 1. - Lviv, 1990. - S. 67 - 71.
- ↑ Senkevich G. Fire and sword. - Roman: Per. from the Polish M.L. de Walden. - M .: "Foskom", 1993.
Literature
- Barka // Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language : in 4 volumes / auth. V.I. Dahl . - 2nd ed. - SPb. : Printing house of M.O. Wolf , 1880-1882.
- Kaydak // Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language : in 4 volumes / auth. V.I. Dahl . - 2nd ed. - SPb. : Printing house of M.O. Wolf , 1880-1882.
- When writing this article, the material " Baidak " (by V. O. Shcherbak) from the publication " Encyclopedia of the History of Ukraine ", available under a Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0 Unported license, was used .