Rishtan parish

After the annexation of the Kokand Khanate and the formation of the Fergana region to the Russian Empire in 1876, it was governed on the basis of the “Regulations” developed by Kaufman in 1873. At the beginning of 1880, the counties of the Fergana region were enlarged and transformed into five new counties - Kokand , Margilan , Namangan , Andijan and Osh . This administrative division fully complied with the royal colonial principle: "divide and conquer." To manage the new colonies, the Russian Empire developed a separate set of laws (Regulations). According to these documents, the Rishtan volost became part of Kokand district. In 1886, for the management of the colonial peoples of the Turkestan Governorate-General , a new “Provision” was developed, according to which the administrative administration assumed a military-colonial character.

After the establishment of Soviet power in 1923-1929 during the zoning in 1926 on the site of the Rishtan Volost by the Resolution of the CEC of the Uzbek SSR No. 5 of September 29, 1926, the Rishtan District was established in the Fergana region of Uzbekistan with the administrative center - s. Rishtan, and thus the Rishtan volost that had existed for 50 years, ceased its activities.

The Rishtan volost was located in the south-west of the Fergana region in the foothills of the Alay range on the right bank of the Sokh river. The parish had a favorable location at the intersection of caravan routes and roads, at the junction of the foothill plains and mountainous areas, that is, the border of settled and nomadic population in the region passed here.

The territory of the parish was 25,250 dessiatines, of which 9,633 dessiatines were irrigated ^[2] . It bordered the parish in the west from Yaypansky Kokand district, in the north of Zohidon district of Kokand district, in the east of Altyarik district of Margilan district and in the south by Sokh district of Kokand district.

The main hydrotechnical structure of the parish are in the form of small irrigation canals - aryks: Rishton-aryk, Tuda-aryk, Dutyr-aryk, Zar-aryk water that came from the river Sokh .

In 1882–1912, the Kokand district was divided into 4 sections (Bachkirsky, Bish-Ariksky, Kanibadamsiky, Prigorodny), which included 23 volosts ^[3] . In the administrative division of the county, Rishtanskaya volost , Babaidin, Nagutkipchak, Laylak, Makhram parish.

The Rishtan parish included 12 rural communities, in particular, Yukari-Rishtan, Kui-Rishtan, Yakka-Karagach, Katput, Ak-Ir, Tudinsk and Pandigan. The administrative center of Rishtan, as in ancient times, was divided into two parts: Yukari-Rishtan (Kalay-Bolo) and Kui-Rishtan (Kalai-Poin).

Until 1877, the head of the volost (mingboshi) of Roshidon was Mirzo Қalandarv, and after his death for 30 years (1877-1907) the post was headed by his son a public figure, businessman, philanthropist Muhammad Shokir Mirzokhidbay Қalandar ogli (1834-1918), who devotional and worthy service for the benefit of his people was awarded His Imperial Majesty 3 orders and 3 medals of the Russian Empire .

According to the directory of populated areas of the Fergana region, compiled in 1909, captain Ivan Ilyich Stepanov was the bachirsky’s bailiff, the head of the Serovo station, Vladimir Fedorovich Savelyev, the assistants — Mark Timofeevich Sukhotylyi and Ivan Alekseevich Mashkov, the volost administration of Rishtan Ismoil Khodja Madaminov (Assistant) and Yedi Mashkov, Rishtan Ismoil Khodja Madaminov (Assistant Secretary) and the director of the Rishtan Ismail Hodzhi Madaminov (Shchitaply) , people's judge Mulla Israel Madhakimov, in the Rishtan medical center the post of doctor was vacant, the midwife was Ekaterina Petrovna Zhukova, the assistant was Ivan Martovich Pultsilov cue.

The Russian Empire, under the auspices of Her Imperial Highness Elizabeth Mavrikievna , was cared for by the Society for the Care of the Poor and Sick Children. For the care of people and patronage of the arts, the head of Roshidon, Muhammad Shokir Mirzokhidbay Kalandar ogli (Shokir ota) is recognized as one of the most famous citizens of Russia and one of the first representatives of Turkestan included in this book. ^[four]

In 1882, 17,970 people lived in the volost ^[5]. The population consisted of Sarts , Uzbeks , Tajiks , Kyrgyz , etc. The number of Russians according to these data did not exceed 10 people. Tajiks main population of the administrative center of Rishtan parish, p. Kalai-Nau (Kalainov, Abdullaboen, Hurramabad), p. Kashkaryan (Kashkaryon), in the remaining villages mostly Uzbeks lived - various Turkic and Oturkian Mongolian tribes, mainly southern-Mongol and eastern Dashti-Kipchak tribes: Djalair (p. Jalair, Chek-Jalair), Kipchaks (Kipchak-Pandigan) Urta-Pandigan, Chuburgan-Pandigan, Wimaut-Pandigan, Oirats (v. Uyrat-Pandigan, Kurgoncha-Pandigan), Durmen (s. Durmoncha), Kirgiz (s. Jayilma), Minghi - Yuz (v. Ak-yer L'Ar-yer), Kirgiz (s. Jayilma), Minghi-Yuzi (with Ak-yer L'Ar. , Dutyr), kyrki , sheds , bostons , etc. However, they should not be confused with the modern Uzbeks who have Turkic-Iran historically sedentary, whose ancient ancestors were Sogdians , Khorezmians , Bactrians , Ferghans and other Sako-Masagetian tribes.

In 1909, the Rishtan volost was part of the Bachkirsky district; 21,811 people lived on the territory of the volost. In this table, in addition to the settlements of the Rishtan volost, some of the settlements of the Zadiyansky volost are currently included in the Rishtan district. ^[6]

The main occupation of the population of the parish was agriculture, cattle breeding and handicraft. Farming was carried out with artificial irrigation. The main crops were wheat , barley , rice , millet , durra , legumes and cotton .

Apricot , pears , cherries , plums , peaches , grapes, and especially the mulberry tree used for sericulture were distributed from fruit trees. Of great importance were the crops of melons , watermelons and cucumbers . In horticulture, the cultivation of apricots apricot , Rishtan gardeners were cultivated varieties of apricots , such as "Kandak", "Mulakhanda", "Mullagadoi", "Mirsanzhali", "Subhoni", etc. ^[7]

As it should be in the east since ancient times, there was a bazaar in Rishtan, where lively trade was conducted. Since Rishtan had a favorable location at the intersection of caravan routes and roads, at the junction of the foothill plain and mountain territories, the border of settled and nomadic population passed here, which created very favorable conditions for trade and exchange. Bazaar served as not only a place of sale, but also of production. There they worked in open spaces, in full view of everyone passing by, blacksmiths , braziers , potters , tailors , shoemakers and other artisans. In the central part of the bazaar there was a caravanserai in which wholesale trade was carried out.

The industry was mostly small, artisanal, the main type of handicraft was pottery. Since ancient times, Roshidon is known as the largest center in Central Asia for the production of unique glazed ceramics ^{[8] [9]} . This fishery originated in Rishtan with the emergence of a settlement. Since ancient times, there has been developed a unique technology for creating ceramic products. Pottery was practiced only in the administrative center of Roshidon. By the beginning of the 20th century, there were more than 80 handicraft pottery workshops in the village, in which 300 people worked.

The products of the best masters, Usto Mullah Madamin Akhun, Usto Tokhta, Usto Sali and others, were repeatedly exhibited at All-Russian exhibitions and fairs, and in 1900 they were successfully exhibited at the World Exhibition in Paris . In 1904, at the industrial and handicraft exhibition in Fergana, the master from Roshidon Baba Khoja Mirsalim received a gold medal from the hands of the military governor of the region, Major-General V. I. Pokotilo for the clay samovar he had made.

The products of the Rishtan potters began to flow to all the cities of Central Asia , and some craftsmen began to open their own trade shops in the bazaars of Kokand , Margilan , Andijan , Samarkand , Tashkent and other cities.

From ancient times, Rishtan began producing oil, in particular, the brother of the Kokand Khan Hudayar, the head of Margilan Muradkhan, from 1840, produced kerosene from Rishtan oil in Margilan. At the end of the 19th century, the second oil group under the name “Rishtan Oil and Factory Industrial Partnership” with an authorized capital of 130,000 rubles produced works in 30 tithes of land in Rishtan. In the autumn of 1905, the oil workers, under the influence of the all-Russian political strike, the revolutionary movement went on strike and put forward economic and political demands, which was the first progressive labor movement in the Fergana Valley .

• Burkhanuddin al-Margilani al-Roshidoni (1090–1164) - Islamic theologian of the 12th century Rishtan
• Pazyl-Atalyk - head of the city of Roshidon, at the same time from 1701–1704 the ruler of Ferghana, Ahsikent
• Abdu Jalol, (Usto Jalil) - Potter Usto (Teacher) of all the potters of Roshidon of the XVIII — XIX centuries. with. Rishtan
• Abdu Jamil (Usto Kuri) - Potter Usto (Teacher) of all the potters of Roshidon of the XVIII — XIX centuries with. Rishtan
• Abdulla Kulol, (Kali Abdullo) - potter, Usto (Teacher) of all potters of Roshidon of the XIX century. with. Rishtan
• Nola Sayyid Gozihon of the tour - poet, Qazi (judge) of Roshidon (XIX century). Ura-Tyube
• Mirzahidbaev, Shokirhon Kalandarovich - (Shokir-Ota) - the head of the city Roshidon (1834-1918), p. Rishtan
• Mirzaabdulla Bakiy Nasreddinov - poet, literary critic, translator, academician of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan (1882-1967) p. Rishtan
• Usmankhodzhaev, Buzrukhoja - statesman and public figure, Hero of Socialist Labor, (1896-1977) p. Uyrat-Pandigan
• Sarymsakova, Lutfi - theater and film actress, People’s Artist of the USSR (1896-1991), p. Rishtan
• Kasimov, Mukhammedzhan - actor of theater and cinema, People's Artist of the USSR (1907-1971), p. Rishtan
• Khamrayev, Ergash - one of the founders of Uzbek cinema and one of the first performers of the main roles in Uzbekfilm (1909–1942), p. Rishtan
• Topvaldyev, Mamadali - Hero of the Soviet Union, (1919-1969), p. Urta-Pandigan
• Akhmedov, Tukhtasin - Hero of the Soviet Union, (1915-2000), p. Dutir
• Boyyigitov, Ortikboy - Hero of Socialist Labor, (1922), p. Yakka-Kairagach