Leonid Litvinenko ( 1921 - 1983 ) - Ukrainian Soviet chemist , academician of the Ukrainian SSR Academy of Sciences .
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Biography
Born on January 12, 1921 in the city of Taganrog . Died October 26, 1983 in the city of Donetsk .
In 1939 he entered the Leningrad Industrial Institute . In 1941 he was drafted into the army, was seriously wounded at the front and was demobilized. In 1942 , he entered the United Ukrainian University ( Kharkov ), the chemistry department of which he graduated from in 1947. 1947- 1950 - graduate student of Kharkov State University with a degree in Organic Chemistry . Candidate ( 1951 ), Doctor ( 1962 ) Chemical Sciences, Professor (1962). Since 1950 - assistant, associate professor ( 1952 - 1959 ), head of the department (1959 - 1965 ) of organic catalysis and kinetics of KSU . In 1964 , Litvinenko LM, on behalf of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR , proceeded to organize the Chemical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR in Donetsk . First, it is the chemistry sector at the Physics and Technology Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, then the Donetsk Department of Physical and Organic Chemistry of the Institute of Physical Chemistry. LV Pisarzhevsky Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR , and since 1975 - the Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, which after the death of Leonid Mikhailovich was given his name.
In 1965 Litvinenko L.M. was appointed the first rector of the university, formed in Donetsk on the basis of a teacher's college. In the same year he was elected a full member of the Ukrainian SSR Academy of Sciences . LM Litvinenko was the first chairman of the Donetsk Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR. In 1965 L. Litvinenko opened and headed (1965–1968) the department of organic chemistry , of which he remained a professor until the end of his life.
The main scientific works are devoted to the study of the structure and reactivity of organic compounds , the mechanisms of chemical reactions and organic catalysis. He discovered the phenomenon of increased conductivity of electronic effects in organic molecules - a positive local effect ( 1954 ). He studied the kinetics and mechanism of nucleophilic substitution reactions in unsaturated carbon , sulfur , and phosphorus atoms . I found out the mechanism of action of organic catalysts in the processes of acyl transfer, including the peculiarities of nucleophilic catalysis in a non-aqueous medium, formulated the laws of bifunctional catalysis, discovered acid-nucleophilic and photo-induction catalysis .
Sources
- Prominent chemists of the world: Biogr. Reference book. V. Volkov, E. Vonsky, G. Kuznetsova. - M., 1991.
- Figures. Essays on prominent people of Donbass. - Donetsk: Oriental Publishing House, 2011. - 216 p.
- Calendar of significant and memorable dates of Donetsk region. 2011 [Text] / Ex. Culture and Tourism Donets. regional keep., Donets. region univers. sciences. b-ka them. N.K. Krupskaya; status I. V. Gaidishev; ed. TS Lytvyn; sciences. ed. N.P. Avdeenko, N.V. Petrenko; from. for issue L. A. Novakova, Hon. cultural worker of Ukraine. - Donetsk: Sh. view. House, 2010. - 132 p.