History of the Ulyanovsk Region

In the III – VII centuries, tribes of the Imenkov culture , which are considered Slavs , settled on the territory of the Ulyanovsk Region ^[4] . An important role in the economy of the Imenkovites was played by sturgeon fishing ^[2] . A notable artifact of the Imenkovsky culture is the fortified agricultural "Devil's Town" in the Staromaynsky district ^[5] . Upon the arrival of the Bulgars in the Middle Volga, in the second half of the 7th century , the monuments of the Imenkovites disappear. It is believed that part of the Imenkovites disappeared into the Bulgars , some went westward between the Dnieper and Don rivers , having founded the Volyntsev culture and, having mixed with the Kolochinsky and Penkovsky cultures existing in these places, they became the progenitors of Kievan Rus.

In the VIII - IX centuries, the Ulyanovsk Volga region became part of the early Volga Bulgaria as a union of nomadic Turkic-speaking and settled Ugro-Finnish tribes. On the territory of Matveyevsky settlement there was a Bulgarian settlement, ravaged by the Mongols in 1236 . On the territory of the settlement, stone millstones, iron arrowheads, bronze bracelets were found ^[6] .

At the end of the XIV - beginning of the XV century, after the devastating raid of the Central Asian ruler Tamerlane , the desolation of the territory of the Ulyanovsk Volga began. Since the late 30s of the XV century, the region became part of the Kazan Khanate . After the destruction of the Kazan Khanate by the troops of Ivan IV (Grozny), the territory of the future Simbirsk governorship was gradually settled by Russians, some of which mixed with the local Tatars ^[7] .

In the late 40s of the XVII century, under the general supervision of the stolnik Bogdan Khitrovo , the construction of the Karsun-Simbir line ( 1647 - 1654 ) began ^[8] . In 1648, by decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich , the Sinbirsk fortress (later Simbirsk) was founded in order to protect the eastern borders of the Russian kingdom from the raid of nomadic tribes ^[9] . The first governor was Ivan Bogdanovich Kamynin , then (from March 5, 1665 to February 7, 1670) - Ivan Ivanovich Dashkov (transferred from Alatyr ). After the appointment of Dashkov to the Robbery order for the voivodship, Ivan Bogdanovich Miloslavsky was placed ^[10] . The support of the Russian colonization was surrounded by a picket fence ( Maine Town ) ^[11] . The region began to be populated by Nizhny Novgorod Mordovians ^[6] .

22 years after the foundation of Simbirsk, the city ​​had to withstand the siege of troops led by Stepan Razin .

In the XVIII century, in connection with the expansion of the territory of the Russian state, in particular, in the eastern direction, the southern regions of the current territory of the Ulyanovsk Region began to be intensively developed and settled, and Simbirsk itself began to lose its military-strategic importance and turned into the administrative center of the Simbirsk province of the Kazan province .

In 1774, prisoner Emelyan Pugachev was taken to Simbirsk and interrogated him from October 2 to 6. Alexander Suvorov personally arrived in Simbirsk for interrogation of the impostor. October 26, Pugachev was sent from Simbirsk to Moscow .

In 1763, Empress Catherine II visited Simbirsk.

During the first division of Russia into a province in 1708, the territory became part of the Kazan province.

Main article: Simbirsk governorship

In 1780, Simbirsk governorship was formed in 13 counties .

In 1796, governorship was transformed into the Simbirsk province .

June 24, 1812 World War II began . For the war with the French on July 24, 1812, the formation of the Simbirsk militia began , which entered the 3rd district (Volga militia) under the command of Lieutenant General Tolstoy, Peter Alexandrovich . The Simbirsk militia was led by Dmitry Vasishevich Tenishev, which included: one horse regiment (formed in Karsun ) - staff captain D.A. Tretyakov and four foot regiments (the 1st was formed in Alatyr , the 2nd in Stavropol , the 3rd - in Sengiley , 4th in Simbirsk ) - Major General A. M. Obolensky, Colonel I. I. Samoilov, Captain N. S. Topornin, Captain of the 2nd Rank S. F. Filatov.

In 1850, two Trans-Volga districts (Stavropol, Samara and part of Syzransky) became part of the newly formed Samara province .

In Simbirsk, in the autumn of 1833, the great Russian poet Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin stopped traveling to Orenburg . Throughout the XIX century and before the revolution, the city hosted the annual National Fair, one of the largest in the Volga region, its turnover in some years reached 10 million rubles. Merchants brought to Simbirsk manufactory goods, leather, wool, horses, and exported bread and fruit.

In 1864 , on August 13, a terrible fire occurred in Simbirsk , which lasted 9 days. The fourth part survived from the city. The building of the noble assembly and the Karamzin library in it, the Spassky Monastery, 12 churches, a post office, all the best private buildings burned down.

In Simbirsk, April 22, 1870, on Streletskaya Street, the leader of the world revolution, Vladimir Lenin, was born.

Simbirsk province was among 17 regions recognized as seriously affected during the famine of 1891-1892 .

Soviet power in the Simbirsk province was established a month and a half after the October Revolution on December 10, 1917 .

In May 1918, the Uprising of the Czechoslovak Corps broke out in the Urals and the Volga region, thanks to which the COMUCH government was formed in Samara, which defended the ideas of the February Revolution ( constituent assembly and orientation towards the Entente ), but was against the October Revolution and the Bolsheviks.

July 22, 1918 Simbirsk was captured by a detachment of KOMUCH under the leadership of General Kappel (500 people) ^[12] . But already on September 12, it was repulsed by the Bolsheviks, as a result of which Soviet power was restored in the city. Directly taken by the Iron Division , which was led by the red commander Guy . In Simbirsk for some time the headquarters and the Revolutionary Military Council of the Eastern Front were located ^[13] . The Simbirsk cartridge plant played an important role in providing the Red Army with ammunition.

In 1924, in memory of Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin ), a native of the city , Simbirsk was renamed Ulyanovsk, and the province - into Ulyanovsk.

On January 6, 1926, the Melekessky district entered the Ulyanovsk province.

On May 14, 1928, the Ulyanovsk Province of the RSFSR was abolished ^[14] , and the Ulyanovsk District was formed , which became part of the newly formed Middle Volga Region (since 1929 - the Middle Volga Region ; since 1935 - the Kuibyshev Region ; since 1936 - the Kuibyshev Region ).

July 30, 1930 the Ulyanovsk District was abolished, and the districts became directly subordinate to the Middle Volga Region.

With the outbreak of World War II , enterprises, institutions, and the population from the western regions of the country, from Moscow and Leningrad , were evacuated to Ulyanovsk , located in the rear ^[14] . The Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant arose in 1941 on the basis of the evacuated Moscow ZIL . A series of UAZ vehicles with a high cross-country capacity of 0.8 t has been created here. Almost 30% of the plant’s products are exported.

January 19, 1943 from a number of districts of the Kuibyshev and Penza regions formed the Ulyanovsk region .

In the 1950s and 1960s, new industrial enterprises were created in the Ulyanovsk Region (heavy and unique machine tool plant, mechanical plant, Dimitrovgrad Research Institute of Atomic Reactors , etc.). An automobile bridge was added to the "Imperial bridge" across the Volga, built with the assistance of Peter Arkadievich Stolypin and opened on October 5, 1916. An airport was built in Ulyanovsk .

In 1970, Leonid Brezhnev inaugurates the V. I. Lenin Memorial Museum ^[15] .

The Presidential Bridge - a combined metal two-tier girder bridge across the Volga River ( Kuibyshev Reservoir ) began to be built in 1986. The official opening ceremony of the first stage of the bridge took place on November 24, 2009. Russian President Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev took part in it.

• Ulyanovsk more than a thousand years? An ancient burial ground near the UAZ checkpoint can change the history of the city .