The building of the former noble assembly of Kaluga (now the regional center of additional education for children named after Yu. A. Gagarin) is an architectural monument , an object of cultural heritage of the federal level.
Sight | |
House of Noble Assembly | |
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A country | |
Location | Kaluga , Marx, d. 1. |
Architectural style | classicism |
Architect | P.I. Gusev |
Building | 1848 - 1850 years |
Status | Object of cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation of federal significance. Reg. № 401610429480006 ( ЕГРОКН ). (Wikigid BD) |
Content
Location and Appearance
It is located in the historical center of Kaluga on Marks Street (formerly Golden Alley) [1] between the city park of culture and recreation, the slopes of the Oka and the Berezuisky ravine.
The building is built of red brick in the style of classicism , has a variable number of floors: the central part is three-storey, the side - two-storey. Gables above the windows of the central part, throughout the entire building between the windows of the second and third floors, pilasters of white color with an ornament of capitals , decorated with volutes and leaves of an okanta, are used [2] . The facade of the house has a main entrance with columns and a balcony above it. To the entrance you can climb the small steps in the center or along the side ramps. From the vestibule of the first floor to the main double-light hall located on the second floor, where the most significant and solemn events were held, leads a wide cast-iron staircase of artistic casting [3] .
Inside the house of the Nobiliary Assembly there were paintings, portraits and busts characteristic of the Russian official institutions of the XIX century. The central place was given to the canvas dedicated to the event that took place in 1866 directly in the building itself - “Shamil takes an oath of allegiance to the Sovereign” [2] [3] . Some interiors have remained virtually unchanged for all the time elapsed since the middle of the nineteenth century [4] .
Building History
In connection with the development of public life in Kaluga at the beginning of the 19th century, a need arose for the construction of a building for the Nobiliary Assembly . The initial projects developed by the chief architect of the Kaluga province Nikolai Fedorovich Sokolov were either rejected or not implemented [4] .
The author of the project embodied in life is not known for certain. The main work on the construction of the house was carried out in 1848-1850-ies by the architect Peter Ivanovich Gusev (former serf) [4] [5] , under the supervision of the chief architect of the Kaluga province Ivan Ivanovich Tamansky and with the participation of engineer Alexander Dmitrievich Kavelin [6] .
Gentry assembly
The main of the regularly held events were congresses of the nobility meeting , held every three years. Their venue was the main hall on the second floor [3] .
The House of the Noble Assembly was one of the centers of the secular [7] , public and cultural life of the city and province. Charity concerts and balls were held here, in particular, in honor of the arrival to the city of the heir to the throne Alexander Nikolaevich (the future Alexander II ) [8] , art exhibitions, literary and musical evenings were held, pianist Nikolai Grigoryevich Rubinstein gave concerts (1877-1880) [9 ] and composer Sergei Ivanovich Taneyev (1876, 1885) [10] . During his stay in Kaluga, Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy and the Zhemchuzhnikov brothers often visited here [9] .
From 12 to 21 February 1899 in the halls of the Noble Assembly House acted exhibition of paintings by artists Wanderers , which demonstrated the product Abram Efimovich Arkhipov , Nikolai Nikanorovich Dubrovsky , of Nikolai Kasatkin , Isaac Levitan , Mikhail Vasilievich Nesterov , Vasily Dmitrievich Polenov , Ilya Repin , Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin [11] , as well as a native of the Kaluga province, Illarion Mikhailovich Pryanishnikov ) [9] .
Many truly historical events for the Kaluga province are connected with the building.
It is symbolic that in the Noble Assembly, built by the former serf P. I. Gusev, from 1858 the provincial committee on the organization of life of landlord peasants held meetings, preparing the peasant reform of 1861 and the abolition of serfdom [3] .
On August 26, 1866, in the great hall of the Noble Assembly, along with his sons, Shamil, the imam of Chechnya and Dagestan, took the oath of “loyalty to the Russian Tsar” [12] [13] .
From March 26 to March 28, 1906, the first elections to the State Duma of the Russian Empire were held in the premises of the Noble Assembly. 68 electors from 11 districts and the city of Kaluga elected the first 5 deputies of the State Duma from the Kaluga province: nobleman Viktor Petrovich Obninsky , Prince Sergei Dmitrievich Urusov , nobleman Leonid Nikolaevich Novosiltsev , state councilor Alexei Ivanovich Surnov , a peasant Konstantin Vlasyev Lagutin [ 53 ]
During the First World War, the Nobiliary Assembly became one of the centers for collecting charitable funds and holding charitable events for those at the front and for treating the wounded [15] .
Palace of Labor
After the Great October Revolution of 1917, the Palace of Labor was located in the building. In the first post-revolutionary years, at the same time, there were also units of special purpose and barracks of the 241 rifle regiment of 81 rifle divisions [16] .
In addition, a youth squad established in December 1917 by decision of the presidium of the city Council of Workers' Deputies, originally consisting of 32 people, mostly members of the III International Working Youth Union (one of Komsomol’s predecessors), was located on the third floor for several months. They were given weapons and uniforms. The detachment took an active part in the approval of the city of Soviet power and the suppression of armed unrest and speeches [17] [18] .
In Kaluga Palace of Labor on September 21, 1935, a farewell of the people of Kaluga with the deceased Konstantin Tsiolkovsky [19] was organized.
Palace of Pioneers
Since March 21, 1936, the Palace of Pioneers has been located here, after the visit to Kaluga of Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin in 1961, it was named after the world's first cosmonaut [20] . In the Palace of Pioneers, there were many circles, sections, laboratories, amateur theaters, ensembles, studios, departments, and creative associations. This is the oldest of the additional education institutions in Kaluga [21] [22] .
On May 18, 1972, in honor of the 50th anniversary of the Pioneer organization , a monument to the Pioneer Glory Monument (now non-existent) was erected in front of the building, in which schoolchildren were solemnly dedicated to the Pioneer organization [23] .
In 1974 a monument to the Kaluga Bolsheviks was erected near the Palace of Pioneers [9] .
Since the beginning of the political transformations of the 1990s, the organization was repeatedly renamed: from April 9, 1991, it was called the Kaluga Regional Palace of Young Creative Arts named after Yu. A. Gagarin, and subsequently to the present day the Regional Center for the Continuing Education of Children named after Yu. A. Gagarin " [9] .
Development Plans
In connection with the alleged opening of a branch of the State Hermitage Museum in Kaluga [24] , the House of Noble Assembly is considered as one of the possible options for its placement, with the simultaneous relocation of the palace of young people's creativity [25] .
Notes
- ↑ Streets of old Kaluga: Streets and squares of Kaluga, renamed since 1912. Portal "City of Kaluga and Kaluga region in photography."
- ↑ 1 2 Malinin D.I. Kaluga Experience a historical guide to Kaluga and the main centers of the province / Vstup. Art. and comments: A.L. Larin and others ... - Kaluga: Golden Alley, 1992. - p. 99. - 15,000 copies.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 The one and only. Kaluga in the old postcard. / Author compiler Mashkovtsev V.P. - Vladimir, 2006. - P. 98−103. - 288 s.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Morozova G. M. Kaluga: walks through the old Kaluga . - Kaluga: Golden Alley, 1993. - 257 p.
- ↑ Alexey Kalakin. From the ruins . The site of the newspaper "News" (June 5, 2015).
- ↑ House of the Nobility Assembly on the site of the Kaluzhsky Krai tourist information center
- ↑ Svetlana Teplyakova. The nobles went to the Assembly to play cards and billiards . The Kaluga Crossing weekly (June 16, 2009).
- ↑ Alexey Urusov. The ghost is crying on Voskresenka . The weekly Kaluga Crossing (October 23, 2013).
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Website of the Regional Center for Advanced Education of Children named after Yu. A. Gagarin
- ↑ Olga Steiner. The conscience of the national culture. The site of the newspaper "News" (June 26, 2009).
- ↑ Dneprovsky M. M. Kaluga and the Wanderers // The Third Local History Conference of the Kaluga Region. May 26-28, 1972 (abstracts). - Kaluga − Obninsk, 1971. - p . 17−19 .
- ↑ Tatyana Svetlova. Shamil did not accept the gift of kaluzhan . The Kaluga Crossing weekly (September 22, 2010).
- ↑ Mikhail Strelnikov. Shamil: “Our God is good, but our people are violent ...” . The site of the newspaper "News" (April 4, 2013).
- ↑ Kaluga pervodumtsy Neopr . The site of the newspaper "News" (August 26, 2016).
- ↑ Irina Belova. As in the frontline city ... . The site of the newspaper "News" (January 10, 2014).
- ↑ Larina A. K., Morozova G. M., Domanova G. I. Notes. // Malinin, 1992 , p. 262
- ↑ Kaluga. Guide / Editor A. N. Avdonin. - Tula: Prioksky book publishing house, 1968.
- ↑ Kaluga. Guide. / Editor I. A. Vasilchikov. - Edition 2, revised and enlarged. - Tula: Prioksky book publishing house, 1971. - p. 95-96. - 167 s.
- ↑ Memorable places of Tsiolkovsky in Kaluga (Inaccessible link - history ) . Site of the State Museum of History of Cosmonautics.
- ↑ Vasily Lagutin. Still ahead . The site of the newspaper "News" (March 31, 2006).
- ↑ Tatyana Savkina. From noblemen to pioneers . The site of the newspaper "News" (June 7, 2016).
- ↑ House of the Nobiliary Assembly on the SmileKaluga website
- ↑ Former building of the Nobiliary Assembly. At the present time - the House of Pioneers . Portal "City of Kaluga and Kaluga region in photography."
- ↑ The Hermitage will create its branch in Kaluga . Information portal "Kaluga24.tv" (September 7, 2015).
- ↑ The long-suffering regional Palace of creativity of young people again want to relocate . Information portal "Kaluga24.tv" (September 22, 2015).
Sources
- G. Morozova. M. Kaluga: walks through the old Kaluga . - Kaluga: Golden Alley, 1993. - 257 p.
- One and only. Kaluga in the old postcard. / Author compiler Mashkovtsev V.P. - Vladimir, 2006. - P. 98−103. - 288 s.
- Site of the regional center of additional education for children named after Yu. A. Gagarin