Qu ( Chinese 曲 , pinyin : qū , literally: “song”) is a genre of Chinese poetry ; performed to music. The greatest flowering of qu occurred in the time of the Yuan Dynasty (XIII-XIV centuries) [1] .
Also called yuanqui ( Chinese 元曲 , pinyin : yuánqǔ ) [2]
History
Qu was formed by the end of the XII century in the north of China on the basis of tsa and folk songs of the Jin Dynasty . The heyday of the genre fell on the time of the Yuan Dynasty, but interest in qu remained until the 20th century [1] [3] .
Among the poets who addressed qu, such masters as Bo Pu , Kuan Hanqing , Ma Zhiyuan , Qiao Ji , Zhang Keju [1] .
Description
Initially, in the genre of qu, they wrote for vocal performance to well-known melodies, which determined the rhythmic structure of the verse and the structure of the stanzas . A distinctive feature of qu is the ability to use additional - outside the general rhythmic system - Chenzi syllables ( Chinese. 襯 字 ) [1] [3] .
Qu is divided into two types of performance: for solo performance - Santsuy ( Chinese 散曲 ), as well as for performance in the Chinese classical theater - juju ( Chinese 剧 曲 ). In jiuqui, it is allowed to use, in addition to the poetic text, also a certain number of remarks in prose [1] [2] .
Santsyu in turn is divided into separate poems - xiaolin ( Kit. 小令 ) - and verses with a common theme, rhyme and melody - taoshu ( Kit. 套數 ). Taoshu usually consists of several (from 2 to 30) short poems of 10-12 unequal lines [1] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 V.F. Sorokin ,. Qu // Brief Literary Encyclopedia / Ch. ed. A.A. Surkov . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1962-1978.
- ↑ 1 2 元曲 - article from Bideupedia (Chinese)
- ↑ 1 2 Zong-qi Cai, Jie Cui. How to Read Chinese Poetry. Workbook . - Columbia University Press, 2012 .-- P. 329-353. - 256 p. - ISBN 9780231527224 .