Ivanovka , also known as Myza Ivanovka or Rozovaya Dacha, is a manor in the Gatchinsky district of the Leningrad region within the Pudostsky rural settlement , which belonged to the family of architect A.I. Shtakenschneider . Located at the confluence of the Pudost River into the Izhora River. It gave the name to the village of Myza-Ivanovka , in which it is located.
| Sight | |
| Manor Ivanovka | |
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| A country | |
| Location | |
| Status |  An object of cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation of federal significance. Reg. No. 471710903690006 ( EGROKN ). (Wikigid database) |
Content
Gatchina Mill
The Mill on Pudosti, not far from the confluence with Izhora, apparently existed even during the time of the swedish rule in Ingermanland. So, on the map of A. I. Bergenheim , which reproduces Swedish place names and other cartographic material of 1676, Gvarn Torp [1] appears on the site of the manor, Gvarn [2] ( Swedish kvarn - mill) on the Swedish map of Ingria in 1704.
In the XVIII century, the active development of the Gatchina Manor began, in which the owners constantly changed. At the same time, the estate was supplied with flour from two mills surrendering to it: Pudostskaya (or Pudozhskaya ; located in modern Pudosti [3] ) and, in fact, Gatchinsky (located in the current Muz-Ivanovka). In the middle of the century, Gatchina was owned by G. G. Orlov. In 1760, outside the village of Gatchina Mill, there was one yard of the miller Kuzma Stefanov and his family, while the Pudost mill in 1757 was rented by a leatherworker from Braunschweig, Friedrich Stackenschneider (grandfather of the architect Andrei Shtakenschneider). Frederick died in 1781, but his son Johann did not initially follow the path of his father, being physically unable to work as a miller. Johann was engaged in the transportation of building materials, but retained the rental of the mill [4] .
At the end of the 18th century, a water mill was built on the Pudost River, and the watercourse itself was blocked by a dam and a pond was built. The names of the authors of the projects of these structures are unknown.
In 1791, a tanner Johann Stackenschneider settled down in Braunschweig settled in a place now occupied by the estate, not far from the residence of Emperor Paul I. Johann rented a mill for his father, Karl, who moved with him, as well as the surrounding grasslands and fields.
In 1798, at public expense, he built a stone house there and built a park. The estate was named after the owner - Ivanovka . It was in this place in 1802 that Henry (Andrey Ivanovich) Shtakenschneider was born and spent his childhood - in the future one of the largest architects of his time.
Visit to the estate by Paul I
There is evidence that Paul I, whose hunting house was nearby, when he was Grand Duke and Emperor, often visited the mill and the house of the Shtakenschneider. In particular, there is a legend according to which it was here that on November 5 [16], 1796, during a tea party, Pavel Petrovich was informed that Catherine II was dying [5] . This assumption is supported by the recollections of the adjutant general F.V. Rostopchin close to the emperor. The latter described the last day of the empress’s life in his note [6] :
On that very day, the Heir ate at the Gatchina mill, 5 miles from his palace. <...> At the end of the dinner table, when the Heir with his retinue was returning to Gatchino, namely at the beginning of the 3rd hour, one of his hussars rode up to meet him, informing that the stalmeister Count Zubov had arrived in Gatchino with some very important news. <...> Upon the arrival of the Heir to the Gatchina Palace, Count Zubov was called to his office and announced the incident to the Empress, having told all the details.
The historian, Pavlovian-time researcher E. S. Shumigorsky pointed out that, apparently, Johann Stackenschneider himself, who arrived at his mill later on the heir, informed the son of the empress’s illness [7] . However, according to information from the camera-furrier magazine for 1796, Pavel found out about the grave condition of his mother only upon returning to his Gatchina residence [8] .
Another legend is known in the retelling of the writer and publicist of the second half of the 19th century A.V. Evald , who was born and raised in Gatchina. In his memoirs one can find a story that when Maria Empress was already the empress, she regularly visited Anna Ivanovna, the wife of Johann Stackenschneider, secretly from her husband and the palace doctors, who applied compresses from a certain “water grass” to her sore feet according to a prescription from “one Chukhonki. " According to Ewald, the treatment helped, Maria Fyodorovna revealed the secret to the emperor, and Anna Ivanovna was given local fame for herbal healing [9] [10] .
Shtakenschneider's Pink Cottage
Subsequent History
By the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR No. 624 of 12/04/1974, the manor complex, consisting of the main house, a staircase to the spring, a mill, a park and four outbuildings, was put on state guard as a monument to the architecture.
Current status
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the mill was privatized by the state farm named after XVIII Party Congress. Subsequently, the facility was transferred to the ownership of CJSC Chernovo [11] .
In the winter of 2010-2011, a photo exhibition was organized in the Priory Palace , dedicated to the mill and other cultural objects of the region under threat [12] . In the spring and summer of 2014, the Gatchina Museum also hosted an exhibition dedicated to the history and prospects of the restoration of the Stackenschneider mill [11] .
The area around the estate is periodically cleaned by activists during subbotniks [12] .
Notes
- ↑ “Map of Ingermanland: Ivangorod, Pit, Koporye, Noteborg”, based on materials from 1676
- ↑ Map of Ingria, 1704
- ↑ Century of the city of Gatchina. 11.XI.1796-1896 / Ed. S. I. Rozhdestvensky. - St. Petersburg: Gatchina Palace Administration, 1896. - S. 82-83.
- ↑ Murashova N.V. One hundred noble estates of the St. Petersburg province: East. directory. - SPb. , 2005 .-- S. 114.
- ↑ Burlakov A.V. Gatchina mill in the life of the emperor . Gatchina through the centuries.
- ↑ The last day of the life of Empress Catherine II and the first day of the reign of Emperor Paul I // Archive of Prince Vorontsov. - M. , 1876. - T. 8 . - S. 159-160 .
- ↑ Shumigorsky E.S. Emperor Paul I. Life and reign. - SPb. : Type of. V.D. Smirnova, 1907 .-- S. 76.
- ↑
About noon at 1 o’clock, they gathered in the cavalier maids of honor and gentlemen, and with all their retinue deigned to drive off to the Gatchina mill to the dining table, where they deigned to have lunch at the miller <...> After the table were absent and arrived at the Palace in three quarters 4 o'clock in the afternoon. Meanwhile, an officer who had deliberately sent first arrived at Gatchino, and then Shtalmeister Count Zubov, with a report to His Imperial Highness about what had happened to Her Imperial Majesty a serious illness.
- ↑ Burlakov A.V. How the wife of Johann Stackenschneider healed the Empress Maria Fyodorovna . Gatchina through the centuries.
- ↑ Ewald A.V. Memories // Historical Gazette. - 1895. - T. LXII , No. 10 . - S. 79 .
- ↑ 1 2 Khrustaleva I. The mill of the Stackenschneider can be seen in Gatchina // Gatchina Pravda. - 2014. - No. 38 (20482) .
- ↑ 1 2 Velizhanina D. Photo exhibition “Stackenschneider Mill” . Gatchina through the ages (12/21/2010).
Literature
- Petrova T.A. Andrey Shtackenschneider. - L. , 1978.
- Murashova N.V. One hundred noble estates of the St. Petersburg province: East. directory. - SPb. , 2005 .-- S. 114-117.
- Sokolova O.L. Manor Ivanovka .
- O.A. Chekanova. Ivanovka, a country estate .
- Krasnov A. Ruins of suburban buildings of A.I. Shtakenschneider // Neva. - 2005. - No. 6 . - S. 278-281 .
- Velizhanina D. An architect without a house. About the fate of the estate of Andrei Ivanovich Shtakenschneider in Pudosti .