Chulitskaya, Lidia Ivanovna

Born in the family of Ivan Ivanovich Tikheev (1837 - 1902) and his wife, a pupil of the Smolny Institute Avdotya (Evdokia) Nikolaevna ur. Batalina (1841 - 1919). II Tikheev came from the middle class, but thanks to his talents he achieved a lot ^[1] . Starting his career as a land engineer in Kovno, he then continued to serve as an official in Tiflis. In the early 90s, I. I. Tikheev was transferred to St. Petersburg, where, with the rank of Privy Councilor, he served as director of the Department of State Land Property.

In 1885, Lidia Tikheeva graduated from the Tiflis Gymnasium with a gold medal. Following this, together with her sister Elizaveta Tikheeva, she began to educate children in a free primary school opened by their father near Tiflis ^[2] . Here, in Tiflis, Lidia Ivanovna also organized a Sunday school, where she herself taught.

In 1891, in connection with the transfer of his father to the capital, the whole family ended up in St. Petersburg. The very next year, Lidia Ivanovna headed her own private school of the 3rd category on Ivanovskaya St., d. 20 ^[3] . At the same time, she actively participated in the activities of the methodological and bibliographic circles of the Pedagogical Museum of military schools located in the Salt City ( Fontanka Embankment , 10).

In 1905, significant changes took place in the fate of Lidia Ivanovna. At the age of 37, she entered the St. Petersburg Women's Medical Institute . The subject of her special interests was pediatrics. Lidia Ivanovna spent all her free time in the clinic of childhood diseases, which was headed by Professor D. A. Sokolov , head of the Department of Pediatrics, and V.O. Mochan worked as one of the assistants. After graduating with honors from the institute in 1911 and receiving the title of a doctor, Lidia Ivanovna was left at the department of D. A. Sokolov for further improvement. In 1912, under the name Chulitskaya (marriage to the state adviser V.M. Chulitsky was concluded in 1911 ), she successfully passed the qualification exams for the title of doctor of medicine.

In the first years after graduation, L. I. Chulitskaya conducted receptions as a private pediatrician, and at the same time as a friend of the chairman of the St. Petersburg Parents' Circle, she worked on the development of pre-school education and training programs. The parent group had its own kindergarten, Sunday school and summer colony. Here Lidia Ivanovna acted as a doctor, carried out scientific observations, introduced her pedological projects.

After the outbreak of World War I , without leaving her activities in the Parent's circle, Lidia Ivanovna became a senior doctor in one of the capital's army hospitals.

The creative activity of L. I. Chulitskaya significantly increased with the victory of the October Revolution in Russia. In 1918, on the initiative of the People's Commissariat of the RSFSR, Lidia Ivanovna headed the sanitary-pedagogical department for the management of preschool institutions and the administration of the Kindergarten labor colonies.

In the same 1918, L. I. Chulitskaya took the post of professor at the Pedagogical Institute of Preschool Education, which opened on Kazan Street. d. 3 ^[4] , where, together with her sister E. I. Tikheeva, she became a member of the board of the museum "Preschool life of a child" ^[5] and headed the department of physical education.

In 1919, Professor S. A. Ostrogorsky , Director of Higher Courses named after P.F. Lesgaft , invited Lidia Ivanovna as a teacher of the Department of Anatomical and Physiological Features and Child Hygiene. After the conversion of courses to the P. F. Lesgaft Institute of Physical Education, in 1924 Lilia Ivanovna was elected professor of the Department of Somatic Pedology ^[6] , which she was in charge of until the end of her life.

In January 1925, the Scientific and Practical Institute for the Protection of Motherhood and Infancy was opened in Leningrad. Leaving only the head of the department at the Institute. Lesgaft, Lidia Ivanovna went to work in a new scientific institution. She was invited to the post of one of the scientific leaders of the institute and at the same time headed the pedagogical department in it ^[7] . With the organization of the Department of Pedology at the institute, Professor L. I. Chulitskaya became its head. She remained in this post even after in 1935 the institute was reformed into a pediatric medical medical institute ^[8] .

Professor Lidia Ivanovna Chulitskaya died at the age of 69 after a serious and prolonged illness and was buried next to her parents at the Nikolsky cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra ^[9] .

• Husband - Vladimir Mikhailovich Chulitsky - State Counselor , Auditor of the Department of Military and Naval Reporting ^[10] . Editor of the Encyclopedia of Public Education, Secretary of the Union of Adherents of the Russian Word ^[11] . The marriage with L. I. Tikheeva for V. M. Chulitsky was the second (first wife - Nadezhda Petrovna Chulitskaya) and lasted from 1911 to 1918. Since 1918, information about V. M. Chulitsky was not found.
• Sister - Elizaveta Ivanovna Tikheeva (1867 - 1943) - Russian and Soviet teacher, specialist in preschool education of children, head of the experimental kindergarten at the Leningrad Pedagogical Institute named after A.I. Herzen. An employee of the Leningrad Pediatric Medical Institute.
• Sister - Sofia Ivanovna Pfeifer - graduated from the Conservatory, was fond of the natural sciences, was in charge of the pediatrics and hygiene cabinet at the Leningrad Pediatric Medical Institute.

• For the first time, L. I. Chulitskaya began to develop issues of hygiene, physical education, and raising a child in the first years of life and preschool age in strict accordance with the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the development of children. Based on these data, she determined the hygienic standards of education and training and introduced these standards into the practice of kindergarten.
• Lidia Ivanovna paid special attention to the study of the laws of the physical development of young children. In pediatric practice, evaluation indices proposed by L. I. Chulitskaya are widely used: “Chulitsky fatness index” ^[12] and “Chulitsky proportionality index” ^[13] .
• The monograph by L. I. Chulitskaya “Hygiene of preschool children” ^[14] , which was republished even 10 years after her death, was very popular.

L. I. Chulitskaya has written over 50 scientific papers on hygiene, hardening, and about the characteristics of preschool children:

• Solovieva E. E., Tikheeva E. I., Chulitskaya L. I. Methodological guidelines for the alphabet "Russian letter", compiled according to the American school system. - SPb. : N. Fenu and Co. °, 1910 . - 30 s.
• Chulitskaya L. I. Care for the mental health of the child in the first years of childhood. - Education and training, 1914 , No. 4. - 65-76 p.
• Chulitskaya L.I. Food regimen of children. - Education and training, 1914 , No. 6, No. 7. - 161-174; 193-295 p.
• Chulitskaya L.I. Maternity protection. - Education and training, 1914 , No. 12. - 353-366 p.
• Solovieva E.E., Tikheeva E.I., Chulitskaya L.I. Reading after the ABC: (American school system). - 4th ed., Rev. and add. - Pg. : Uchpedgiz, 1916 . - 172 p. - (adapted for schools).
• Morozova M. Ya., Tikheeva E.I., Chulitskaya L.I. Modern kindergarten, its significance and equipment. - 3rd ed. - Pg. : Gos. Publishing House, 1919 . - 208 p. - (Book for children: Decree. Art. On preschool education, placed in ped. Journal for 1912-1918).
• Chulitskaya L. I. The main tasks of physical education of a child of preschool age. - Pg. : The beginnings of knowledge, 1922 . - 31 p.
• Chulitskaya L. I. Preschool age and its features. - M .: Mir, 1923 . - 96 p. - (Ped. Studio).
• Chulitskaya L. I. Hygiene of the kindergarten. - Pg. : The beginnings of knowledge, 1923 . - 102 p. - (Ped. Library).
• Solovieva E.E., Tikheeva E.I., Chulitskaya L.I. Russian letter: Reading after the alphabet. With exercises for the development of speech: Fig. numerous fig. and pictures from the paintings are thin. - Pg. : Gos. ed., 1923 . - 150 s.
• Chulitskaya L. I. Biological features of preschool age and the Montessori system. / in the book: Revision of Montessori Pedagogy Fundamentals. - L. , 1924 . - 105 p.
• Morozova M. Ya., Chulitskaya L.I. Games in preschool age. - L .: The beginnings of classes, 1924 . - 69 p.
• Solovieva E.E., Tikheeva E.I., Chulitskaya L.I. Russian letter: Alphabet. - M .: State. ed., 1924 . - 104 p. - (Textbook. Manuals for schools I and II level).
• Chulitskaya L.I. Outdoor games for preschool children. - L .: State. ed., 1925 . - 48 p.
• Chulitskaya L. I. Physical education of a preschool child. - M., L .: State. ed., 1925 . - 164 p. - (B-ka teacher).
• Chulitskaya L. I. Raising a child up to 3 years. - L .: Surf, 1926 . - 37 p.
• Solovieva E. E., Tikheeva E. I., Chulitskaya L. I. Russian letter: Primer. - 3rd ed. - M., L .: State. ed., 1926 . - 78 p. - (Textbook. Manuals for schools I and II level).
• Questions of pedology of infancy: Collection of articles / Ed. prof. L. I. Chulitskaya; Scientific practical Institute for the protection of motherhood and infancy. - L. , 1929 . - 143 p.
• Chulitskaya L.I. Elementary hygiene. - M., L .: State. Publishing House, 1929 . - 38 p. - (Textbooks and teaching aids for the labor school).
• Chulitskaya L. I. Mistakes of education. - L .: Ogiz - State. honey. Publishing House, 1931 . - 108 p. - (Library "Hygiene and Health").
• Chulitskaya L. I. Home life of a student child. 2nd ed .. - L .: ed. and type. Publishing House "Leningrad. Truth", 1931 . - 38 p. - (Library of the journal "Worker and Peasant Woman"; Issue 4).
• Chulitskaya L. I. Preschool hygiene: A manual for preschool workers. - M., L .: State. textbook. Publishing House, 1936 . - 144 p.
• Chulitskaya L. I. Hygiene of preschool age: Permitted Ex. by preschool. education of the NKP of the RSFSR as a guide for preschool. teacher training schools. - 2nd ed., Rev. and add. - L .: Uchpedgiz, 1940 . - 160 p.
• Chulitskaya L. I. Hygiene of preschool age: Textbook. allowance for preschool ped. schools and educators Gardens / Ed. G.M. Krakowyak. - 3rd ed., Rev. and add. - M., L .: Uchpedgiz, 1948 . - 184 p.

• Prior to marriage, L. I. Chulitskaya lived in Dmitrovsky per. , d. 4.
• Since 1911 , having married, she moved to Podyachcheskaya St. , d. 7, from where to Torgovaya st., d. 15.
• Last address - 8th Rozhdestvenskaya Street (from 1924 - 8th Soviet) , d. 48.

St. Petersburg branch of the Union of Pediatricians of Russia

• Chulitskaya L. I. (Obituary) / Manuscript archive of academician M. S. Maslov , stored at the Department of Children's Diseases of the Military Medical Academy.
• Chulitskaya L. I. on the site Sports and Physical Education