By freighter as defined by SOLAS (para. [ clarify ] Regulation 2 of Chapter I), is a non- passenger ship .
The practice of applying the SOLAS Convention shows that the requirements of this document do not apply to fishing vessels only if they are not engaged in anything other than the extraction of marine bioresources. If such a vessel is equipped, for example, with refrigerated holds , that is, able to transport, say, frozen chickens, it will be considered as cargo.
Content
Types
Dry cargo ships
Dry cargo ship is a generic name for vessels intended for the carriage of solid, bulk, and packaged cargoes, including containers and liquid cargo in containers. Includes universal ships for general cargo, equipped with loading and unloading facilities, vessels for the transport of bulk cargo, bulk carriers with a deadweight of less than 12 thousand tons, some other vessels, for example, sinter trucks.
Bulkers
Bulker (also bulk [1] ) - a vessel for transporting bulk bulk cargo in the hold (that is, without container). Bulk carriers are used to transport ore , coal , cement , etc. In addition to universal bulk carriers, there are specialized ones equipped for the transport of certain types of cargo, such as ore carriers , cement carriers , etc. There are vessels capable of simultaneously carrying bulk and liquid cargoes (the there are being both a bulk carrier and a tanker), for example, oil ore carriers .
Container
Container carrier - a vessel for the carriage of goods in standardized containers .
Rollers
Roller (also: ro-ro type vessel) - a vessel with a horizontal way of loading and unloading. Rollers are most often used for transportation of (trucks) cars and other wheeled vehicles. The main advantage of the Rocker is the speed of unloading and loading the vessel. For these operations, cranes are not needed: trucks loaded with cargo simply drive in / out onto the cargo decks of the vessel on a ramp .
Likhterovozy
Likhterovoz - the vessel transporting special barges - lighters . Lighter carriers are often used where large vessels cannot approach the berth due to insufficient depth or for other reasons. Lighters load at the pier, transported by a tug to the lighter carrier and lift the lighter carrier. Unloading is performed in the reverse order. In Russia, there is the world's only nuclear powered lighter "Sevmorput" serving the settlements of the Arctic Ocean . This lighter carrier is part of the FSUE Atomflot of Rosatom State Corporation .
Tankers
Tanker - a vessel for the transport of bulk cargo.
Refrigerator Vessel
Refrigerated ship is a ship whose holds are equipped with cooling units. Refrigerated vessels are used to transport perishable foodstuffs. Because of this, among the sailors, they got the nickname "bananovozy."
Size classification
There is a world classification of cargo ships in size. It relies on the ability of ports and terminals to receive vessels of different sizes and on the carrying capacity of the most important channels ( Suez and Panama ). There are several interpretations of these classes: the Lloyd scale [2] , the AFRA scale [3] , the flexible market scale [3] .
| Name and decryption | Alternative name | Characteristics of scales ( deadweight in tons ) | Description | Example | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lloyd's | Afra | flexible market | ||||
| ULCC: Ultra Large Crude Carriers (Ultra Large Oil Carriers) | 300-550 thousand | 320-550 thousand | 320-550 thousand | Very large oil tankers transporting crude oil over long distances. Transportation routes originate in the Persian Gulf and deliver oil to Europe, America, Southeast Asia. Due to the fact that it is impossible for such large vessels to pass through the Suez Canal , they usually go around Africa , passing through the Cape of Good Hope . Again, due to their large size, these vessels cannot be unloaded at regular ports and are received by specially built terminals. | Knock Nevis [4] | |
| VLCC: Very Large Crude Carriers (Very Large Oil Carriers) | 200–300 thousand | 160–320 thousand | 200–320 thousand | They follow the same route as larger tankers, but because of their smaller size, they have the flexibility to choose ports. This allows VLCC vessels to sail to ports in the Mediterranean, West Africa and reach the Northern Sea Terminals. In addition, such tankers can return with ballast through the Suez Canal. | Exxon Valdez [5] [6] | |
| Suzmax | AFRA : LR2 (Large Range 2) | 180—200 thous. | 80–160 thousand | 120—200 thous. | As of 2012, the Suez Canal is undergoing vessels with a deadweight of up to 200 thousand tons, larger vessels can pass in ballast. There are plans to expand the canal for the passage of ships of greater capacity. | |
| Aframax Lloyd : Capemax | 100–180 thousand | 80–120 thous. | As of 2012, the Suez Canal is undergoing vessels with a deadweight of up to 200 thousand tons, larger vessels can pass in ballast. There are plans to expand the canal for the passage of ships of greater capacity. Historically, the name arose when such vessels could not overcome this channel and were sent with cargo to bypass the African continent. | |||
| Panamax | AFRA : LR1 (Large Range 1) ; Lloyd : Aframax | Up to 80 thousand | 45-80 thousand | 60-80 thousand | Ships that can not overcome the Panama Canal | |
| Product tanker | AFRA : Medium range tanker | XXXXXXX | 25-45 thousand | 60-80 thousand | ||
| AFRA : General Purpose tanker | XXXXXXX | 10-25 thousand | ||||
| A separate class for Lloyd are Malaccamax tankers that can cross the Strait of Malacca in Malaysia. | ||||||
| Title | Characteristic (deadweight in tons , approximately) | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Capesize | 100-400 thousand | The largest bulk carrier dry cargo vessels not intended for navigation in (through) the Panama and Suez Canals. Draft and other characteristics vary. The class has an internal gradation (VLOC and VLBC). |
| Panamax | 65—100 thous. | Ships having the maximum permissible dimensions for the passage of the Panama Canal (length 225.0 meters, width 32.25 meters, cage 12.5 meters). Vessels of this class are not equipped with cargo cranes and have 7 holds. Maximum draft in the load up to 15.0 meters. |
| Supramax | 50-70 thousand | Intermediate class between Handymax and Panamax. Equipped with cranes, have 5 holds. Maximum draft in the load up to 13.0 meters. |
| Handymax | 35-45 thousand | Vessels equipped with cranes and having a draft up to 12.0 meters. As a rule, have 5 holds. |
| Handysize | 20—35 thousand | Vessels equipped with cranes and having a maximum draft in the load of up to 10.0 meters. As a rule, have 5 holds. |
| Minibalkers | Up to 10 thousand | Small sea bulk carriers for short and coastal cruises |
Links
- Dry cargo vessel // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 t.] / Ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- Dry cargo ship in glossary.ru
Notes
- ↑ Cargo ship; Naval Engineer // The Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 t.] / Ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- ↑ Infosheet # 30. Modern ship size definitions . Lloyd's register . - Modern classification of ships in the form of a structured list. The date of circulation is January 3, 2012. Archived on February 4, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 Joe, Ed. Evangelista. Scaling the Tanker Market // Surveyor: Journal. - American Bureau of Shipping, 2002. - Vol. Winter Archived September 30, 2007. September 30, 2007
- ↑ ULCC - Tankers (List of tankers). Auke Visser´s International Super Tankers . - List of world ULCC tankers in English. The date of circulation is January 4, 2012. Archived February 4, 2012.
- ↑ VLCC Tankers (Names A - K) (List of Tankers). Auke Visser´s International Super Tankers . - List of world VLCC tankers in English (first part). The date of circulation is January 4, 2012. Archived February 4, 2012.
- ↑ VLCC Tankers (names from L - Z) (List of tankers). Auke Visser´s International Super Tankers . - List of world VLCC tankers in English (second part). The date of circulation is January 4, 2012. Archived February 4, 2012.