Ilizarov, Gabriel Abramovich

He was born the eldest of six children in a poor Jewish family in the town of Bialowieza, Bialowieza County ( Polish. Powiat białowieski ) of the Bialystok Voivodeship , the Polish Republic (in 1939-1946, the village of Bialowieza was part of the Brest region of the Belorussian SSR , now the village of Bialowieza is part of the rural commune of Hajeznow Białowowa Powers of Podlaskie Voivodeship of Poland ) ^{[2] [3] [4] [5]} . His mother’s family lived there, and after serving in the Red Army during the Civil War, his father settled ^[6] .

Father - Abram (a native of Kusar , of Jewish-Jewish origin), sister Maria, brothers Elisha, Isaac (Isaiah, 1922) and David (1924) bore the surname Elizarovs ^{[7] [8] [9] [10]} . Mother - Golda Abramovna Rosenblum, of Ashkenazi origin, came from Bialowieza ^{[11] [12] [13]} . When Ilizarov was seven years old, the family moved to his father’s homeland in Kusary, where the future surgeon graduated from the eight-year school, then the Buinaksk medical department ^[9] .

I went to school at the age of 11 or 12, but this did not stop him from passing all the subjects and going straight to grade 4 or 5. In 1938 he externally graduated from a comprehensive school and continued his studies at the medical faculty in the city of Buinaksk of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic ^[14] .

In 1939 he became a student of the Crimean State Medical Institute named after I.V. Stalin , who graduated in 1944 . Having received a doctor’s diploma, he went from a doctor in a regional hospital in the village of Dolgovka ( 1948 ) to the director of the All-Union Kurgan Scientific Center for Reconstructive Traumatology and Orthopedics ( 1987 ).

Since 1944, he was a doctor at Polovinskaya (village of Polovinnoye ), then at Kosulinskaya (village of Dolgovka ) in the district hospitals of the Kurgan region .

Since 1947 - head of the Kosulinsky district health department. The first patient with a bone fixation device developed by G. A. Ilizarov was a local harmonist who walked on crutches due to tuberculosis of the knee joint. The operation was successful ^[15] .

Since 1950, he was an orthopedic trauma surgeon at the Kurgan Regional Hospital; in 1951 he proposed an apparatus for transosseous osteosynthesis. An application for invention was filed on June 9, 1952, copyright certificate No. 98471 was issued on June 30, 1954. In 1955, he was appointed head of the orthopedic and traumatology department of the Kurgan Regional Hospital of the Disabled World War II.

As the head of the surgical department of the Kurgan Regional Hospital for Disabled People of the War, where hundreds of fighters with the consequences of bone injuries, which received almost no result, passed before his eyes, G.A. Ilizarov proposed his own, a fundamentally new way of bone fusion during fractures. The novelty of the proposed method and apparatus for its implementation is confirmed by copyright. The use of the Ilizarov apparatus increased the efficiency and significantly reduced the treatment time for fractures. Great practice made it possible to expand the range of application of the apparatus.

The transosseous compression-distraction apparatus, invented in 1950 by G. A. Ilizarov, harmoniously combines stable fixation of bone fragments with the control of complex biological processes of bone tissue development (its compression (“compression”) or stretching (“distraction”)). The device is a metal "ring" on which are attached "spokes" passing through the bone tissue. The rings are connected by mechanical rods, allowing them to change their orientation at a speed of the order of one millimeter per day. The Ilizarov apparatus is a universal dynamic design that allows you to create optimal biomedical and mechanical conditions for both bone fusion and the anatomical and functional recovery of the musculoskeletal system. Counting on the widespread use of his apparatus, G. A. Ilizarov unified its components and parts. For each case, doctors mount from a very limited number of parts their own special kind of apparatus. The device is used to treat injuries, fractures, congenital deformities of bone tissue. It is also used in "aesthetic" operations in anthropometric (orthopedic) cosmetology for lengthening and straightening legs.

It took a long time for the method of transosseous osteosynthesis developed by G. A. Ilizarov to be universally recognized. In 1966, on the basis of the 2nd city hospital of Kurgan, a problem laboratory of the Sverdlovsk Scientific Research Institute of Nuclear Research was organized, and G. A. Ilizarov was appointed the head. The defense of the dissertation ^[16] took place in Perm in September 1968. The dissertation summarized the experience accumulated over many years of successful treatment of thousands of patients. Based on a comprehensive analysis, the discovery of certain patterns in the growth and regeneration of tissues was made, which made it possible to lengthen the limbs and restore the missing parts of the limbs, including the foot, fingers of the hand. For outstanding achievements, Ilizarov in 1969 was awarded the degree of Doctor of Medical Sciences, bypassing the title of candidate. In 1969, the problem laboratory of the Sverdlovsk NIIITO was transformed into a branch of the Leningrad NIIITO named after R. L. Vreden, Ilizarov was appointed its director.

G. A. Ilizarov obtained the first positive results in experiments on the restoration of spinal cord function after an operative partial (almost complete) intersection of it. Never before, not only in our country, but nowhere else in the world have such fundamental studies been conducted in traumatology and orthopedics.

Since 1971, member of the CPSU .

In 1971, the branch of LNIITO was transformed into the Kurgan Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Orthopedics and Traumatology (KNIIEKOT), and Ilizarov was appointed the head. February 19, 1982 KNIIEKOT was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor.

By Decree No. 1098 of September 24, 1987, the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR reorganized the Kurgan Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Orthopedics and Traumatology into the All-Union Kurgan Scientific Center for Reconstructive Traumatology and Orthopedics, with its head office in Kurgan and branches in the Moscow Region and cities of Leningrad, Volgograd, Kazan, Ufa, Krasnodar, Sverdlovsk, Omsk, Krasnoyarsk and Vladivostok.

Since 1982, the introduction of the Ilizarov method in the practice of leading foreign countries began. Invitations were received to visit Spain, France, England, the USA, Mexico and other countries. The Italian company Medicalplastic srl bought a license to manufacture and sell the Ilizarov apparatus in Western Europe, as well as in Brazil and Argentina. The Italian Association for the Study of the Ilizarov Apparatus and Method (ASAMI) has decided to conduct permanent international courses to teach this method. Director of the courses was approved by G. A. Ilizarov himself. Similar associations were created in Spain, France, Belgium, Portugal, Mexico, the USA and other countries. Many foreign citizens came to Kurgan for treatment.

Ilizarov - the author of 208 inventions protected by copyright certificates of the USSR; 18 of them were patented in 10 countries.

Ilizarov was a deputy of the Kosulinsky District Council of Workers 'Deputies (1947) and the Kurgan Regional Councils of Workers' Deputies (1971, 1973), a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR (1980), and a People's Deputy of the USSR (1990). He was a member of the XXV , XXVI , XXVII congresses of the CPSU, XIX party conference, delegate of the XV Congress of Trade Unions of the USSR (1972), delegate of the VI (1983) and VII (1988) congresses of the All-Union Society of Inventors and Rationalizers. He was a member of the scientific council of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, a member of the Central Council of the All-Union Society of Inventors and Rationalizers of the USSR, a member of the editorial board of the journal “Orthopedics, Traumatology and Prosthetics”, the Soviet Culture Fund (since 1985) and the Union of Soviet Societies for Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries (since 1987). Member of the Board of the Soviet Children's Fund. V.I. Lenin (since 1987).

Under the direction of G. A. Ilizarov, 52 candidate and 7 doctoral dissertations were defended.

About G. A. Ilizarov, articles, feature essays, novels and novels were written, he became the hero or prototype of many feature films, theatrical productions (“ Every Day of Doctor Kalinnikova ”, “Movement”, “Call Me Doctor,” “Doctor Nazarov” , “Happiness has returned to the house”, “The house of brave cowards”, etc.).

July 24, 1992 G.A. Ilizarov suddenly died of heart failure. He was buried in Kurgan , on the central avenue of the new Ryabkovsky cemetery ^[17] .

Family

G. A. Ilizarov has a son Alexander and two daughters from different marriages - Maria and Svetlana ^[18] . Son - Alexander Gavrilovich Ilizarov (born 1947), design engineer in Novosibirsk . Daughter - Svetlana Gavrilovna Ilizarova (born 1962), a rehabilitologist and physiotherapist, candidate of medical sciences, lives in New York , co-editor of the collection "Limb Lengthening and Reconstruction Surgery" (2006) ^{[9] [19]} . From 1961 until the end of his life, G. A. Ilizarov was married by his third marriage to Valentina Alekseevna Ilizarova.

Sister G. A. Ilizarova Maria, brothers Elisha and Isaac (Isai) Elizarov after the war also lived in Kurgan ^[9] . The younger brother David Abramovich Elizarov (1924?), A participant in the Great Patriotic War , cavalier of the Order of the Red Star , also became a surgeon ^[20] .

G. A. Ilizarov was awarded many honorary titles and awards, national and international prizes.

• Hero of Socialist Labor , June 12, 1981, for his merits in the development of medical science and in connection with the 60th birthday
  • The order of Lenin
  • Sickle and Hammer Medal
• Order of Lenin , 1971, for his great contribution to practical health care and in connection with the 50th anniversary of his birth
• Order of Lenin , 1976, for successes achieved in fulfilling the tasks of the IX Five-Year Plan for the Development of Health Care and Medical Science
• Order of the Red Banner of Labor , 1966, for services to practical health care
• Medal “For Valiant Labor. In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin " , 1970
• Veteran of Labor Medal , 1986
• Lenin Prize , 1978, for a series of works on the development of a new method of treating patients with injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system, the introduction of this method into widespread healthcare practice and the creation of a new scientific and practical direction in traumatology and orthopedics
• Honored Inventor of the USSR , September 12, 1985, for inventions that open up new directions in the development of medical science
• Honored Doctor of the RSFSR , 1965
• Honored Inventor of the RSFSR , 1975
• Gold medal of VDNH , 1981, 1986
• Silver medal of VDNH , 1965, for the development of new methods of treatment for orthopedic and traumatological patients, 1986
• Breastplate “Excellence in Invention and Rationalization”, 1987
• Order of the Smile , 1978
• Commander of the Order of Merit for the Italian Republic , 1984
• Order of Independence, First Degree (Jordan), 1985, for his great contribution to scientific research in the field of orthopedics and traumatology
• Order of the North Star (Mongolia), 1985
• Order of the Revolution (Palestine Liberation Organization), 1987, for outstanding personal contribution to the development of world health
• Order of the Yugoslav flag with a golden wreath (SFRY), 1987
• Medal "50 years of the Mongolian People's Revolution" , 1974
• Medal "60 years of the Mongolian People's Revolution" , 1984
• Gold medal for many years of excellent work (Italy), 1981. The biggest award for veterans of the enterprise, as a representative of Russian workers.
• Medal "The best inventor of the year", 1985
• Medal of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, 1988
• Excellence in Public Health of the Mongolian People's Republic, 1980, for providing practical assistance and training of Mongolian doctors in new methods of treatment
• Laureate of the Diploma of Honor (Mongolia), 1982
• Commemorative Gold Florentine Coin (Italy), 1990
• Muse Prize (Italy), 1983, the first winner among doctors in recognition of the fact that his surgery is not only a science, but also the greatest art
• Buccheri la Ferla International Award, 1986
• Robert Denise Prize, 1987, at the XXXII World Congress of Surgeons in Sydney (Australia), for the most significant work related to the surgical treatment of fractures
• Prize to them. Nessim Habif, 1987, honey. Faculty of Geneva University
• Honorary Citizen of the Kurgan Region , January 29, 2003, posthumously
• Honorary Citizen of Kurgan, 1971
• Honorary Citizen of Milan (Italy), 1981
• Honorary Citizen of Rufina (Italy), 1981
• Honorary Citizen of Florence (Italy), 1990
• Honorary Citizen of Nancy (France), 1990
• Named Gold Medal of the city of Lecco and recognized as his honorary citizen for his great services in providing scientific and medical assistance to citizens of Italy, 1983
• Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences , 1987
• Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences , 1991
• Honorary Member of the Cuban Academy of Sciences
• Honorary Member of SOFKOT (French Society of Orthopedic Surgeons and Traumatologists), 1986
• Honorary Member of the Association of Orthopedic Traumatologists of Yugoslavia, 1986
• Honorary Member of the Macedonian Academy of Arts, 1986
• Honorary Member of the Society of Orthopedic Traumatologists of Mexico, 1987
• Honorary Member of the Society of Orthopedic Traumatologists in Czechoslovakia, 1987
• Honorary Member of the Society of Orthopedic Traumatologists of Italy, 1988
• Laureate of the contest "Technique is the chariot of progress" (" Inventor and Rationalizer " magazine), 1984

• In honor of G. A. Ilizarov, the astronomer of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory Lyudmila Karachkina named the asteroid discovered on October 14, 1982, the name was approved on October 4, 1990 ^[21] .
• In September 1987, the artist Israil Zweigenbaum flew to the city of Kurgan, where he spent 6 days with G. A. Ilizarov to make sketches.
• In 1993, the Russian Scientific Center "Reconstructive Traumatology and Orthopedics" (RRC "WTO") was named after Academician G. A. Ilizarov.
• On June 15, 1993, on the initiative of V. I. Shevtsov , Director General of the RTC “WTO” , the Museum of the History of Development of the RTC “WTO” named after G. A. Ilizarov was opened.
• In 1993, the Fund was established to them. G. A. Ilizarova.
• On September 9, 1994, a monument to the founder and creator of the method and center, Academician G. A. Ilizarov, and sculptor Yu. L. Chernov , was unveiled at the territory of the RTC "WTO".
• In 2012, a monument-car GAZ-13 "The Seagull" was installed, which belonged to G. A. Ilizarov; located at the Museum of History Center. G. A. Ilizarova.
• Since 1995, in memory of G. A. Ilizarov, the practical journal “The Genius of Orthopedics” has been published.
• In 2011, various art labeled envelopes of Russia dedicated to G. A. Ilizarov were issued.
• In 2011, in the city of Kurgan, director Andrei Romanov shot the documentary " He devoted his life to people ", dedicated to the 90th anniversary of G. A. Ilizarov. The film received the prize of the Head of the city of Kamensk-Uralsky M. S. Astakhov at the Third International Festival of Tourist Films “Date with Russia” in Verkhoturye and Kamensk-Uralsky (2012).
• In 2012, Derbent College of Medicine in the Republic of Dagestan was named after G. A. Ilizarov.
• A plaque on the house in Kurgan, where in the years 1974-1992 lived G. A. Ilizarov, st. Klimova, 41. On August 29, 2019, a new memorial plaque was installed ^[22] .
• In the Kurgan region, 2016 was declared the Year of Ilizarov.

• Ilizarov G.A., Markashov A.M. Blood supply to the spine and the impact on its form of changes in trophism and load. - Chelyabinsk, 1981.
• Ilizarov G.A. October is in my destiny / Lit. entry by V. Gavrishin. - Chelyabinsk: South Ural Book Publishing House, 1987. - 216 p.
• Treatment of flexion contractures of the knee and ankle joints / Compiled by G. A. Ilizarov and A. A. Devyatov. - Kurgan, 1971. - 14 p. - 3,000 copies.
• Transosseous compression and distraction osteosynthesis in traumatology and orthopedics / Ed. ed. G.A. Ilizarov. Collection of scientific papers. Issue 1. - Kurgan: Soviet Trans-Urals, 1972. - 344 p.

• Ilatovskaya T. A. You will walk .... / "The Banner", No. 9. - Moscow: True, 1972. - S. 173—194.
• Bunkov S. Surgeon Ilizarov. - Chelyabinsk: South Ural Book Publishing House, 1972. - 76 p.
• Ermolaev Yu. I. House of brave cowards / Drawings by D. Borovsky. - M .: Children's literature, 1975 .-- 158 p.
• Khromchenko M.S. Doubts and perseverance. - M .: Soviet Russia, 1979. - 208 p.
• Brumel V.N., Lapshin A.A. Do not change yourself. - M .: Young Guard, 1980 .-- 302 p. - ISBN 5-289-00765-2 .
• Gladysheva L.V. Cavalier of the Order of the Smile. - Chelyabinsk: South Ural Book Publishing House, 1982. - 110 p.
• Nuvakhov B. Doctor Ilizarov / Foreword by Yu. Senkevich. - M .: Progress, 1988 .-- 160 p. - 50,000 copies.
• Kaplunov A.G. Unknown Ilizarov. Strokes to the portrait. - Volgograd: Publisher, 2008. - 240 p. - ISBN 5-9233-0654-9 .

Ilizarov, Gabriel Abramovich (Russian) . Site " Heroes of the country ".

• Official site of the Ilizarov Center
• Profile of Gabriel Abramovich Ilizarov on the official website of the RAS
• Photo album from KNIIEKOT
• Ilizarov Gavriil Abramovich (inaccessible link) // Persons of Trans-Urals