Piatra Craiului National Park ( room Parcul National Piatra Craiului ) is a nature protection zone in Romania with the status of a national park . Located in the Piatra Craiului Mountains in the Southern Carpathians , 200 kilometers north of Bucharest . It covers an area of 14,781 [1] hectares (according to other sources, 15,867 ha [2] ) in the territory of the Brasov and Ardzhe County . The national park is notable for its karst landscape with interesting limestone formations and diverse flora and fauna . It was founded in 1938 as a conservation area, in 1990 it became a national park and in 2000 the status was confirmed.
| Piatra Craiului | |
|---|---|
| room. Piatra craiului | |
 | |
| IUCN Category II ( National Park ) | |
| basic information | |
| Square | 14 781 ha |
| Established | 1938 year |
| Location | |
| A country |
|
pcrai.ro (English) | |
Content
Flora
About 1170 plant species and subspecies were recorded in the national park, which makes up about 30% of the plant diversity of Romania [3] . Rare species are found, such as the endemic of the clove genus Dianthus callizonus .
Trees and Shrubs
Among the conifers that grow in the park are pine trees ( Pinus ) and larch ( Larix ), in particular European cedar pine ( Pinus cembra ) and European larch ( Larix decidua ), as well as common spruce ( Picea Abies ), white fir ( Abies alba ) and yew berry ( Taxus baccata ).
The following species grow from deciduous trees: rock oak ( Quercus petraea ), pedunculate oak ( Quercus robur ), European beech ( Fagus sylvatica ), European hornbeam ( Carpinus betulus ), white maple ( Acer pseudoplatanus ), heart-shaped linden ( Tilia cordata ), ash common ( Fraxinus excelsior ), horse chestnut ( Aesculus hippocastanum ), elm ( Ulmus glabra ), acerifolia ( Acer platanoides ), field maple ( Acer campestre ), birch birch ( Betula pendula ), aspen ( populus tremole ) ( Alnus viridis ), black alder ( Alnus glutinosa ), white willow ( Salix alba ) and goat willow ( Salix caprea ).
Grass plants
In the national park, 48 of the 53 species of the orchid family that are found in Romania grow, among which are the long-leafed pollen-headed ( Cephalanthera longifolia ), the long-cinnated cockroach ( Gymnadenia conopsea ), and the most fragrant kokushnik ( Gymnadenia odoratissima ) [3] .
Fauna
The rich fauna of the park includes, among other things, 111 species of birds. All species of reptiles and amphibians are protected [4] .
Mammals
Of the large mammals, the brown bear ( Ursus arctos ), red deer ( Cervus elaphus ), European roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus ), chamois ( Rupicapra rupicapra ), wolf ( Canis lupus ), common lynx ( Lynx lynx ), and marten live in large national mammals in the national park. Martes martes ), common fox ( Vulpes vulpes ) and wild boar ( Sus scrofa ) [5] .
Of the small mammals, Caroline squirrel ( Sciurus carolinensis ), European wide-necked ( Barbastella barbastellus ), common long-winged ( Miniopterus schreibersii ), large night- eye ( Myotis myotis ), sharp-eyed night-eye ( Myotis blythii ), and large horseshoe broom ( Rhinolophus ferrumequumum ) are found here. Rhinolophus hipposideros ), white-bellied shrew ( Crocidura leucodon ), small shrew ( Sorex minutus ), baby mouse (Micromys minutus ), common shrew ( Sorex araneus ) and alpine shrew ( Sorex alpinus ) [5] .
Birds
Of the birds in Piatra Craiului, there are capercaillie ( Tetrao urogallus ), raven ( Corvus corax ), hazel grouse ( Tetrastes bonasia ), common kestrel ( Falco tinnunculus ), blackstart redstart ( Phoenicurus ochruros ), peregrine falcon ( Falcoere perennius ), collaris ), corostel ( Crex crex ), jackdaw ( Corvus monedula ), eared owl ( Asio otus ), vakhir ( Columba palumbus ), lark ( Alauda arvensis ), spotted spotted eagle ( Aquila pomarina ), golden eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos ), common ( Buteo buteo ), bore buzzard ( Buteo lagopus ), black-headed goldfinch ( Carduelis carduelis ), hoopoe ( Upupa epops ), common cuckoo ( Cuculus canorus ), blackbird ( Turdus merula ), field harrier ( Circ us cyaneus ), siskin ( Carduelis spinus ), common Oriole ( Oriolus oriolus ), common booby ( Lanius collurio ), common oatmeal ( Emberiza citrinella ), white wagtail ( Motacilla alba ), blackbird ( Tringa ochropus ), crested lark ( Grista gridale ) and hawk warbler ( Sylvia nisoria ) [6] .
Reptiles
Of the reptiles in the park, the following species are found: the fast lizard ( Lacerta agilis ), the green lizard ( Lacerta viridis ), the water snake ( Natrix tessellata ), the common coppers ( Coronella austriaca ), the fragile spindle ( Anguis fragilis ), the common snake ( Natrix natrix ) common viper ( Vipera berus ) [7] .
Amphibians
Among the amphibians in the national park, yellow-bellied toad ( Bombina variegata ), crested newt ( Triturus cristatus ), alpine newt ( Triturus alpestris ), common newt ( Triturus vulgaris ), creeping frog ( Rana dalmatina ), common grass frog ( Hyla arborea ) and fire salamander ( Salamandra salamandra ) [7] .
Pisces
In the reservoirs of the park there are only three species of fish: common barbel ( Barbus meridionalis ), European brook lamprey ( Eudontomyzon mariae ) and Common sculpin ( Cottus gobio ).
Invertebrates
Among the invertebrates in the park, there are 35 endemic species, for example, Nesticus constantinescui and Rhagidia carpatica [4] .
Notes
- ↑ Official Record for Piatra Craiului unopened (link unavailable) . Date of treatment May 29, 2016. Archived on August 16, 2016. , protectedplanet.net
- ↑ NATURA2000 - PIATRA CRAIULUI (ROSCI0194)
- ↑ 1 2 Flora , pcrai.ro
- ↑ 1 2 Fauna , pcrai.ro
- ↑ 1 2 Lista speciilor de mamifere List of mammal species in the Piatra Craiului National Park
- ↑ List of bird species in Piatra Craiului National Park
- ↑ 1 2 List of species of fish, reptiles and amphibians in the Piatra Craiului National Park