Francois de Guise

Francois de Guise
Francois de Guise
	fr François de Guise
	April 12, 1550 - February 24, 1563
Predecessor	Claude I de Guise
Successor	Henry I de Guise
Birth	; ;
Death	; ;
Rod	Lorraine House , Giza
Father
Mother
Spouse
Children	sons: Henry I de Guise , Karl of Lorraine , Louis of Lorraine , Antoine, Francois and Maximilian ; daughter:
Rank

Francois I of Lorraine ( French: François I le Balafré de Lorraine, duc de Guise ; , - , ) - 2nd Duke de Guise ( 1550 - 1563 ), count, then the duke of Omal and peer of France , marquis de Mayenne, baron, then prince de Joinville, the great chamberlain and great hunter ^{[3] of} France. The French military and statesman of the times of the Religious Wars in France , the eldest son of the first Duke of Guise - Claude I ( October 20, 1496 - April 12, 1550 ) and Antoinette de Bourbon ( 1493 - 1583 ). The brother of the Scottish Queen Mary Guise and the uncle of Queen Mary Stuart . An ardent Catholic , whose attack on the Huguenots in Wassi served as the beginning of the Religious Wars. He was killed during the siege of Orleans by the Huguenot Poltro de Mere . It was suspected that the killer was hired by the Huguenot leader, Admiral Coligny .

Content

The Francois Giza Family

Wife: (from April 29, 1548 ^[4] ) Anna d'Este ( 1531 - 1607 ), Countess de Gisors, daughter of Ercole II d'Este , Duke of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio and Rene of France , daughter of King Louis XII . Had 7 children:

Henry I the Labeled Lorraine ( December 31, 1550 - December 23, 1588 ), Duke de Guise,
( 1552 - 1596 ), husband (from 1570) Louis de Bourbon ( 1513 - 1582 ), Duke de Montpensier,
Charles of Lorraine ( March 26, 1554 - October 4, 1611 ), Duke of Mayenne,
Louis of Lorraine ( July 6, 1555 - December 24, 1588 ), Cardinal de Guise,
Antoine ( 1557 - 1560 ),
Francois ( 1559 - 1573 ),
Maximilian ( 1562 - 1567 ).

Biography

Francois became famous in 1552 for the defense of Metz against the 60,000th army of Emperor Charles V ^[5] , saved the honor of French weapons at the Battle of Ranti (1554), and fought in 1556–1557. in Italy, took in 1558 from the British Calais after two hundred years of rule and took Thionville .

In 1544, Francois was wounded in the face in the battles for Boulogne against the British, for which, according to some authors, he was nicknamed “Tagged” “le Balafré” (although there are no marks on his portraits). The same nickname, also due to facial wounds, was with his eldest son Heinrich (more reliably: confirmed in portraits).

Under the weak king Francis II , married to his niece, Mary Stuart , Guise, along with his brother, Charles de Guise, Cardinal Lorraine , took all power in France into their own hands. With fanatical rage, Guise pursued the Protestants and destroyed the Amboise conspiracy , and captured Prince Conde .

After his death in 1560, Francis II of Guise formed a triumvirate with the Connable Montmorency and Marshal Saint-Andre , to which Antoine , Duke of Vendome, then joined. In March 1562, Guise staged a massacre of Protestants in Wassi. As a result of this massacre, the First Huguenot War began , in which Gizu was first lucky: he took Rouen , defeated the Huguenots at Dreux in 1562, but was shot by the Huguenot Poltro de Mere during the siege of Orleans .

Subsequently, his son, Henry I , one of the organizers of Bartholomew’s Night , avenged the murder of his father by removing the head of the Huguenots, Gaspard de Coligny .

Genealogy

Note

↑ ¹ ² ³ ⁴ BNF ID : open data platform - 2011.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q19938912 "> </a> <a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:P268 "> </a> <a href = " https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q54837 "> </a>
↑ ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ http://genealogy.euweb.cz/lorraine/lorraine6.html
↑ Ober Jägermeister
↑ according to other sources - December 4, 1548
↑ Guise, Francois, Duke de Guise // Military Encyclopedia : [18 vol.] / Ed. VF Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-islands I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915.

Literature

Brisset, "François de G." (1840);
Valincour, "Vie de François duc de G." (1881);
Cauvin, "Vie de François de Lorraine" (1885).
Guise // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.

[_d24423c4caed21e7-1] ¹ ² ³ ⁴ BNF ID : open data platform - 2011.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q19938912 "> </a> <a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:P268 "> </a> <a href = " https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q54837 "> </a>

[_27f46c8b527cc41c-2] ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ http://genealogy.euweb.cz/lorraine/lorraine6.html

[3] Ober Jägermeister

[4] rding to other sources - December 4, 1548

[5] Guise, Francois, Duke de Guise // Military Encyclopedia : [18 vol.] / Ed. VF Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-islands I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915.