Camassia ( lat. Camassia ) - a genus of perennial bulbous plants of the subfamily Agave ( Agavoideae ), the family Asparagaceae ( Asparagaceae ). Previously, this genus was assigned to the Liliaceae or Hyacinthaceae families.
| Camassia | |||||||||||||||||||||
 Kamassia Kuzika | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Scientific classification | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||
| International scientific name | |||||||||||||||||||||
Camassia | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Synonyms | |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
| Type view | |||||||||||||||||||||
Camassia quamash ( Pursh ) Greene - Kamassia Kvamash | |||||||||||||||||||||
Etymology
The name is borrowed from the Indians of North America. Shoshone called these plants camas or quamash [3] .
Botanical Description
Perennial herbaceous plants with a bunch of leaves sticking up.
The bulb is ovoid or spherical, membranous, consisting of numerous storage and dry, covering scales, up to 5 cm in diameter. Bulbs are located singly or in groups [4] [3] . The roots are perennial, gradually changing [5] .
The leaves are basal, elongated-lanceolate or strap-like, bluish-green, up to 60 cm long, growing long before the appearance of inflorescences [6] [4] .
The inflorescence is multiflorous, racemose; peduncle up to 1 m tall [7] . The perianth consists of six leaves, six stamens, a three-ovary ovary; threadlike column with tripartite stigma [5] . The flowers are actinomorphic or slightly zygomorphic [8] , white, cream, blue, blue or purple [6] . Bloom in late spring - early summer [9] [10] .
The fruit is a trihedral box with numerous black seeds [4] .
The set of chromosomes is 2n = 30 [3] .
Distribution and Ecology
The range of the genus is in the USA and southern Canada . They grow in nature in mountain meadows, on the prairies, and on grassy slopes, well moistened in spring and dry in summer [4] [8] .
Meaning and Application
At the beginning of the 19th century, Kamassia were introduced to Europe and appeared in gardens. Representatives of the genus are used as ornamental plants. In the west of North America, where camassia grow in large colonies, their bulbs were an important food item for Native Americans, especially in the Pacific Northwest. The danger is the similarity of bulbs of the genus Camassia with poisonous bulbs of the genus Zigadenus , in those places where their genera intersect [4] [3] .
Cultivation
Propagated by seeds and bulbs in the fall. Seeds need long-term cold stratification (4-5 months), the seedling at the initial stage of development before the appearance of the first leaf needs lower temperatures. Seedlings bloom in the third or fourth year. Adult bulbs in 3-4 years form a large nest of five to eight bulbs of different sizes and bloom well, after 5-6 years, the nests should be planted. After digging the bulbs, the roots do not need to be cut. Bulb nests are divided in the fall immediately before transplantation. They are planted in autumn to a depth of 10-15 cm and at a distance of 15 cm from each other. Bulbs can be stored before planting in any well-ventilated area, but not in the sun.
Any moisture-holding soil is suitable for planting, although prolonged waterlogging in the winter can lead to a plant getting wet. Prefer sun or partial shade. Kamassia suited for cutting and for various options for floral design. It is best planted in groups on lawns and under trees. They do not require leaving, and only in a dry summer watering is necessary. In summer, camassia leaves dry out [7] [10] [4] [6] .
Systematics
The genus consists of 6 species [11] .
- Camassia angusta ( Engelm. & A. Gray ) Blank. - Camassia narrow
- Camassia cusickii S. Watson - Camassia Kuzika
- Camassia howellii S. Watson - Camassia Howell
- Camassia leichtlinii ( Baker ) S. Watson - Camassia Leichtlin
- Camassia quamash ( Pursh ) Greene - Kamassia kvamash , or edible Kamassia
- Camassia scilloides ( Raf. ) Cory - Progressive Camassia
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of indicating the class of monocotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Monocotyledonous article .
- ↑ World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 efloras .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 EDSR .
- ↑ 1 2 Artyushenko, 1963 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Aksyonov, 2000 .
- ↑ 1 2 Vorontsov, Evsyukova, 2002 .
- ↑ 1 2 Takhtadzhyan, 1982 .
- ↑ Camassia - genus Camassia - Description of the taxon - Plantarium
- ↑ 1 2 Hession, 2007 .
- ↑ Search results - The Plant List
Literature
- Aksyonov E.S., Aksyonova N.A. Ornamental plants (herbaceous plants). - 2nd. - M .: ABF, 2000. - T. 2. - S. 256. - 608 p. - (Encyclopedias of Russia).
- Artyushenko Z.T. Bulb and corm plants for open ground . - M. - L .: AN SSSR, 1963. - S. 31. - 57 p.
- Takhtadzhyan A. L. The family of liliaceae ( Liliaceae ) // Plant Life : in 6 volumes / ch. ed. A. L. Takhtadzhyan . - M .: Enlightenment , 1982. - T. 6: Flowering plants / ed. A. L. Takhtadzhyana. - S. 90. - 543 p. - 300,000 copies.
- Hession D. G. All about bulb plants / Per. from English - 2nd edition , revised. - M .: Kladez Books, 2007 .-- S. 25. - 128 p. - (Everything about…). - 5,000 copies. - ISBN 5-93395-009-2 .
- Vorontsov V.V., Evsyukova T.V. Bulbous flowers. - M .: ZAO Fiton +, 2002. - S. 82. - 176 p. - 5,000 copies. - ISBN 5-93457-049-07.
Links
- Kamassia : information on the taxon in the Plantarium project (identifier of plants and an illustrated atlas of species).
- Kamassia on the site of the flora of North America . Date of appeal May 27, 2016. (English)
- Kamassia . Archived on April 3, 2016. On site Encyclopedia of decorative garden plants.