Geosynthetics

Geosynthetics are used in the construction, reconstruction and repair of public roads , in the design and construction solutions for other objects of transport construction, in particular, roads of industrial and agricultural enterprises, temporary roads, access roads, areas for stopping and parking cars, etc. d. ^[1]

• Geotextiles - supplied in rolls, a continuous permeable thin flexible non-woven, woven, knitted fabric obtained by bonding fibers or threads mechanically (weaving, needle-piercing), chemical (gluing), thermal (fusion) methods, or a combination thereof ^[1] . Woven geotextiles allow you to create closed volumetric structures (geotubes, geocontainers), the main purpose of which is bank protection and construction of dams . Nonwoven geotextiles are used as separating layers or filters.
• Geogrids and geogrids are flat permeable synthetic structures in the form of a grid (lattice), in which the elements that form the grid are knotted, intertwined, cast, or pressed. They are mainly used to ensure the stability and reinforcement of slopes (during the construction of roads, airfields and solid waste landfills), as well as to create sustainable vegetation cover on them in order to prevent erosion processes ^[2] .
• Geomembranes - a continuous waterproof roll of cloth made of polyethylene, a roll of film material to create waterproofing layers. ^[one]
• Geocomposites - material supplied in rolls or blocks of two or more layers, created from various geotextiles, and geogrids for more efficient performance of individual functions, for example, geogrids combined with a nonwoven geotextile fabric for reinforcing coatings (armogeocomposite), or a filter made of thin non-woven geotextile material combined with a volume-creating non-woven highly porous geotextile material for drainage of road structures (geo-drain). ^[one]

• Geosynthetics are suitable for work in those conditions where not only significant strength is required, but also durability, which, as polymers , was intrinsic to them initially (in contrast, for example, from metal structures having a rather limited service life).
• Profitability: the use of geosynthetics in almost any case reduces the volume of earthwork and the use of imported materials.
• Universality: in some cases, only they can provide the only possible solution to a particular engineering problem.
• Environmental friendliness: geosynthetics help reduce the industrial impact on the environment and reduce the use of natural resources in industrial and civil construction.

• There are certain, although unreasonable doubts about the longevity of geosynthetics.
• Geomembranes can stop not only the penetration of water onto an object, but also the evaporation from it.
• Unlike soil or stone, geosynthetics require special storage conditions and careful handling, since even slight damage to the surface of the material can significantly impair its performance.
• Some synthetic materials are highly susceptible to chemical attack, and are also degraded by ultraviolet radiation and organic solvents .
• The problem of the behavior of geosynthetics in dynamic flows has not been practically studied.

• Travel clothing

• V.F.Dobronravova . Environmental management of territories. - M.: Publishing House of MGUP, 2005 .-- 225 p.
• A.V. Truevtsev. Biaxial knitted materials for road construction // In the world of equipment. - 2008. - No. 2 (77) . (Retrieved August 7, 2009)
• Jay T. Improving the performance of Geosynthetic materials // International Railway Journal. - 2002. - No. 3 . - P. 34-35. (Retrieved August 7, 2009)
• E.V. Fedorenko . Modern geotechnology in construction . - Khabarovsk: Publishing house DVGUPS, 2009. - 96 p.

• Association of manufacturers of geosynthetic materials in Russia .