Johann Hinrich Wichern ( German: Johann Hinrich Wichern ; April 21, 1808 , Hamburg - April 7, 1881 , Hamburg ) - German theologian , Lutheran pastor , public figure, social activist, reformer of the prison (penal) German systems.
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Known for his work on internal mission affairs (activities aimed at establishing and strengthening faith and morality among Christians), the most important exponent and distributor of which, combined with beneficence, he was.
Content
Biography
Born in the family of a translator and clerk at a notary public. After the early death of his father, he was forced to leave school and engage in tutoring.
From 1828 to 1831 he studied theology in Berlin and Göttingen . After graduation, in 1832 he worked as a senior teacher at the Sunday School of St. George, a working suburb of Hamburg.
Then, he took over the leadership of the Sunday school for poor children, where he soon gathered around him 400-500 students and about 40 voluntary teachers and teachers. He gained particular fame by founding in September 1833 near Hamburg a school- shelter for abandoned and dysfunctional children, called the “Das Rauhe Haus” . He achieved a good level of education of his wards. He sought to create a family atmosphere in the shelter. Soon, the same shelters were established in not only Germany, but France and other countries.
On the feast of the Nativity of Christ in 1839, he came up with the idea of decorating the premises and was the first to use the traditional Christmas wreath in our time.
In 1844, he founded the monthly magazine Fliegende Blätter des Rauhen Hauses .
Thanks to his efforts, the Protestant synod in Wittenberg in 1848 created a central committee for internal mission. During his trips to Germany, Wyhern, in word and deed, contributed to the founding of various kinds of institutions for raising children, charity for the sick, the poor and prisoners. His influence on aristocratic circles was also beneficial, in which, with the accession of Frederick William IV , interest in the moral tasks of the church became fashionable.
In 1851, the Prussian government appointed him inspector of prisons and correctional houses, and in 1858 he took a place in the Prussian Ministry of the Interior, in the prison department. In the same year he became a member of the Supreme Church Council, the executive body of the state Evangelical Church in Prussia.
Towards the end of his life, he again took over the management of his favorite brainchild , Fliegende Blätter des Rauhen Hauses, and died in 1881.
From 1844 he published Fliegende Blätter aus dem Rauhen Haus. In addition, he wrote the book Die innere Mission der deutschen evangelischen Kirche (Hamburg 1849; 3 editions of 1889), which outlined his main views on Christian charity and its relation to church and social issues of our time.
Selected Works
- Der Dienst der Frauen in der Kirche (1848)
- "Die innere Mission der deutschen evangelischen Kirche" (1849)
- Die Behandlung der Verbrecher und entlassenen Sträflinge (1853)
- The Festbüchlein des Rauhen Hauses (3 volumes, 1856)
- Der Dienst der Frauen in der Kirche (1858)
- Unsere Lieder (4 editions, 1870)
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 11863223X // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ 1 2 BNF identifier : Open Data Platform 2011.
- ↑ 1 2 SNAC - 2010.
Literature
- Wychner, Johann-Heinrich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.