Abdolhosein Nushin ( Pers. عبدالحسین نوشین ['Abd al-Husayn Nushin], also transliterated as Abdolhosein Nushin ; 1906 , Torbet-Kheideriye , Iran - 1971 , Moscow ) - Iranian writer , artist , playwright , theater director and theater director [1] .
| Abdolhosein Nushin | |
|---|---|
| Persian. عبدالحسین نوشین | |
| Date of Birth | 1906 |
| Place of Birth |  Torbet-Haderiye , Khorasan , Iran |
| Date of death | 1971 |
| Place of death |  Moscow , USSR |
| Citizenship | Iran |
| Occupation | actor , theater director , playwright |
| Language of Works | Persian |
Content
Biography
Abdolhosein Nushin was born in 1906 in the city of Torbet-Heydariye of the Khorasan province, in the family of the preacher and theologian Mohammad-Baker Nushin. He graduated from elementary school in his hometown. He continued his education in Tehran at the French College of Saint-Louis, after which he was sent to Toulouse to study history and geography. However, wanting to study theater in France, Nushin arbitrarily changed his profession, because of which he lost a scholarship and was forced to return to Iran. A few years later he managed to continue his education in France at his own expense, obtained from the production of several plays and the publication of the Persian-French dictionary.
In 1933 , Abdolhosein Nushin married the Iranian theater and film actress Loreta Hayrapetyan ( 1911 - 1998 ) [2] , who became not only the companion of the playwright's life, but also his partner in theatrical activities. In many ways, it was through their efforts that the theater in Iran rose to the level of art, and the profession of an actor began to be respected.
In 1934 , an international Iranian congress was held in Tehran on the occasion of the thousandth anniversary of Abulkasim Firdousi , in which Nushin directed several plays on The Shahnamen , which contributed to his international fame.
In the late 1930s. Nushin took part in the Theater Festival in Moscow. Then he went to France to continue his studies in theatrical art.
In the 1940s - early 1950s. Abdolhosein Nushin staged performances in the theaters of Farhang, Firdousi, Saadi. The heyday of Nushin’s work falls on the existence of the “Firdousi Theater”, which was opened in 1947 with the support of the Tudeh party and closed in 1949. During this time, “Visit of Inspector” John Priestley , “The Blue Bird ” by Maurice Meterlink , were staged "Gas lamp" by Patrick Hamilton and others. Nushin translated the Persian language “ At the Bottom ” by Maxim Gorky and wrote the play “The First Rooster” ( Persian خروس سحر ), inspired by Gorky's work. However, for censorship reasons, these plays were not staged.
Nushin held to the left, took part in the creation of the Tudeh party in October 1941 . After the assassination attempt on Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi on February 4, 1949, the Tudeh party was outlawed. Nushin was sentenced to three years in prison, which he was serving in Qasr prison. He continued to lead the theater in absentia, through his wife, who visited him every week - this was the production of Oscar Wilde ’s play “ Lady Windermere Fan ”.
On December 15, 1950 , Nushin and several other members of the Tudeh party escaped. A year and a half he was hiding in Iran. During this time, he graduated from the “Art of Theater” - the first Persian-language manual on stage art.
In 1952 , Nushin fled to the Soviet Union . In 1953 , after the closure of the Saadi Theater, his wife joined him in Dushanbe . Then they moved to Moscow, where Loreta entered the Moscow Art Theater School , and Abdolhosein went to the A. Gorky Literary Institute , where he defended his thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philology [3] .
Having not found a worthy place in the theater, Abdolhossein Nushin took part in the preparation of the critical text “Shahname” by Firdousi (the so-called “Moscow edition”), and also compiled a dictionary of difficult words of the national Iranian epos, translated the works of famous world writers and playwrights into Persian .
During the 1960s Iranian friends of Nushin were negotiating with SAVAK about his return to his homeland. Negotiations are at an impasse. In 1965 , Loreta returned to Iran. In 1979 , she emigrated again, this time to the United States . Abdolhosein Nushin died in Moscow in 1971 .
Works
- Vājénāmak: Farhang-e vājéhāye došvār- e Šāhnāmé, 'Abdolhoseyn Nūšīn, Tehrān, Entešārāt-e Mo'īn, 1385 ( . Pers واژهنامک: فرهنگ واژههای دشوار شاهنامه, عبدالحسین نوشین, تهران, انتشارات معین, 1385) / Vazhenamak: Dictionary difficult words of Shahnameh. Abdolhosein Nushin, Tehran: Ed. Muin, 2006 .
Publications in Russian
The prose of A. Nushin was translated into Russian, his works can be found in the following publications:
- Alimurad Khan and others. Story. Per.s Persian A. Bertels. Hood. V. Lazarevskaya. M. Khudlit. 1962 180 p.
- Unusual day [Text]: We will tell stories. Iranian writers: [For Wednesdays. and senior. school age]: Translation from Pers. / Fig. V. Losina. Moscow: Detgiz, 1963.
- Stories [Text]: Per. with pers. Abdolhosein Nushin. Moscow: Publishing house vost. lit., 1961.
- Through the veil of fog. Stories. Per. with pers. Series "Contemporary Foreign Novel", M. Fiction 1974 240 s.
Notes
- ↑ Kameneva M.S. World War II and the cultural and national development of Iran // World War II and its impact on the development of Iran. Scientific Russian-Iranian Conference May 19, 2010: Sat. - M .: IV RAS, 2010 .-- S. 13-16 .
- ↑ Cronin, Stephanie. Iranian-Russian Encounters: Empires and Revolutions Since 1800 . - Routledge, 2013 .-- P. 346. - ISBN 978-0415624336 .
- ↑ Cronin, Stephanie. Iranian-Russian Encounters: Empires and Revolutions Since 1800 . - Routledge, 2013 .-- P. 355 .-- ISBN 978-0415624336 .