Yolanda or Violanta after the adoption of Orthodoxy, Irina Monferrato ( ital. Jolanda di Monferrato, or Irene di Monferrato , Greek Γιολάντα του Μονφερά , after the adoption of Orthodoxy Ειρήνη του Μονφερά ; 1274 , Casale-Montferrata Rimferrata 2] , the Byzantine Empire ) - the daughter of Margrave Wilhelm VII of Montferrat of the genus Aleramichi ; The Byzantine Empress , wife of the Byzantine Emperor Andronicus II of the Paleologue clan.
| Yolanda or Irina Monferratskaya | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ital. Jolanda di Monferrato ; Greek Ειρήνη του Μονφερά | |||||||
 Coat of arms of the Aleramichi clan | |||||||
| |||||||
| Predecessor | Anna Hungarian | ||||||
| Successor | Rita II Armenian | ||||||
| Birth | Casale Monferrato , Margrave Montferrat , Holy Roman Empire | ||||||
| Death | Drama , Byzantine Empire | ||||||
| Burial place | Pantokrator Monastery, Istanbul ( Constantinople ), Turkey | ||||||
| Kind | Aleramichi | ||||||
| Birth name | Yolanda | ||||||
| Father | Wilhelm VII of Monferrat , | ||||||
| Mother | Beatrice of Castile | ||||||
| Spouse | Andronic II Paleolog | ||||||
| Children |
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| Religion | Catholicism , later Orthodoxy | ||||||
Biography
Yolanda of Monferrat was the daughter of Margrave of Montferrat William VII the Great and Beatrice of Castile [3] . In 1284 , at the age of eleven, Yolanda was married to the Byzantine emperor Andronicus II Paleologus, converted to Orthodoxy, and was named Irina (the “standard” name given to princesses born abroad) [4] . This marriage was organized by her grandfather, king of Castile and Leon Alfonso X the Wise [3] . Her dowry was the kingdom of Thessaloniki , although the territory of this state had long been recaptured by Byzantium, nominally this kingdom remained the possession of the Marques of Monferrata [5] .
In 1286, after the birth of her first son, Irina became the Empress of Byzantium [6] . In a marriage with Andronicus II, Irina had three sons, so she did not like the prospect that her stepson Michael IX, to the detriment of the interests of her own children, would inherit the entire Empire after her father's death. To provide her children with possessions, she demanded from Andronicus to divide Byzantium among all his children. In 1303, she left her husband and moved with her children to Thessaloniki , where she ruled as a sovereign ruler. She was in opposition to Andronicus and Mikhail [7] . The rest of her life she spent in intrigue and dissolving rumors about her husband, telling everyone he met the intimate details of her married life [8] .
While dying, her brother Giovanni I the Fair gave her the inheritance of the rights to his possessions. As a result of this, her son Theodore became Margrave of Montferrat; the Paleologists ruled Monferrat until 1542 . Empress Irina died in 1317 in the city of Drama in the vicinity of Thessaloniki. Buried in the monastery of Pantocrator in Constantinople (now Istanbul) [6] .
Family
Husband: Andronic II Paleologue ( 1259 - 1332 ), in this marriage there were seven children:
- John Paleolog (1286-1308) - despot, married Irina Khumnen , did not leave any heirs.
- Bartholomew Paleologue (b. 1289 ), died as a child.
- Theodore I ( 1291 - 1338 ) - Margrave of Montferrat.
- Simone Paleolog ( 1294 - after 1336 ) - wife of the Serbian king Stephen Uros II Milutin.
- Theodora Paleologue (b. 1295 ), died a child.
- Demetrius Palaeologus (died after 1343 ) is a despot. Father of Irina Paleolog .
- Isaac Paleologue (b. 1299 ), died a child [9] .
Family Tree
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See also
- List of spouses of Byzantine emperors
Literature
- Donald M. Nicol, The Byzantine Lady: Ten Portraits, 1250-1500, (Cambridge University Press, 1994), p. 48-49.
- Hélène Constantinidi-Bibikou, Yolande de Montferrat impératrice de Byzance , in "L'Hellénisme Contemporain", Series 2, IV (1950), p. 425-442.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Pas L. v. Genealogics - 2003. - ed. size: 683713
- ↑ Nicephorus Grigor. History of the Romans (Prince 7, Ch. 12).
- ↑ 1 2 Montferrato . genealogy.euweb.cz. Date of treatment May 22, 2016.
- ↑ irene_kaiserin_von_byzanz_1317 . www.manfred-hiebl.de. Date of treatment May 22, 2016.
- ↑ Anna Kaczmarczyk, Symonida, opracowanie on line. .
- ↑ 1 2 Irina of Monferrat .
- ↑ Nicol, DM (1994) The Byzantine Lady: Ten Portraits 1250-1500 (Cambridge University Press). .
- ↑ Index of / wp-content / uploads / (inaccessible link) . vizantolog.ru. Date of treatment May 22, 2016. Archived July 24, 2015.
- ↑ Donald M. Nicol. The Byzantine Lady: Ten Portraits, 1250-1500 . - Cambridge University Press, 1996-07-13. - 166 p. - ISBN 9780521576239 .
- ↑ http://genealogy.euweb.cz/italy/montfer.html#VJ1