The lands of the House of Savoy ( fr. États de la maison de Savoie ), also called the French after 1718, the Sardinian lands ( fr. États sardes ) - territorial possessions owned by the counts and dukes of the House of Savoy from the XI century until the unification of Italy in 1861. The rulers of these lands bore the title of prince and eternal vicar of the Holy Roman Empire.
Content
History
XI-XIV centuries
The beginning of the lands of the House of Savoy comes from Count Humbert I. In 1023, he was mentioned as the ruler of the city of Aosta . Subsequently, his power spread to the entire Valle d'Aosta . In 1033, Humbert subordinated Bishop Morien; as a reward, Emperor Conrad II gave Humbert part of the abolished bishopric, called the county of Savoy . Otton I, through marriage, received Susa , Ivrea and Pinerolo . Pierre II annexed Vaud to the Savoy possessions.
In the XIII century, the Savoy counts received the titles of imperial vicars. In 1365, Count Amadeus VI received the title of eternal vicar, but the following year this decision was withdrawn.
In the 13th century, the House of Savoy owned the following territories:
- actually Savoy with the main residence in Chambery
- Novalez with Voiron
- Vienne (until 1355) with Saint-Georges d'Esperance
- Bress with Bourke-en-Bres
- Bugey (including Valrôme ) with the castle Rossion
- Chablé with Chillon Castle
- Valle d'Aosta with the castle of Argene in Villeneuve
- Val di Susa with Avigliana
- In with Mudon
After 1355, the lands of the House of Savoy also included
- La Valbonne (capital - Montluel )
- Fosigny (with Chatillon-sur-Cluse / Cluse )
- Zhex
XV-XVI centuries
During the time of Amadeus VIII, there was a significant increase in Savoy lands. In 1388, under a treaty at the Abbey of Saint-Pont-de-Nis, he received the county of Nice , thanks to which the Savoy lands received access to the Mediterranean Sea. In 1411, his troops occupied the Ossol Valley, which allowed him to take control of the Simplon Pass (the territory was lost in 1417). In 1413, he was brought homage by Margraves of Salutsky . In 1416, Amadeus received the ducal title and direct control of Piedmont from the emperor Sigismund . In 1401, he bought Geneva County , but the seller’s heirs challenged the deal, and Amadeus entered into full ownership only in 1424.
Duke Charles III during the Italian Wars remained a loyal ally of the head of the Habsburg house, Charles V , with whom his nephew Francis I fought. For this reason, the French invaded his duchy several times, and by 1536 captured almost all of his possessions. His son Emanuel Philibert , following the results of the Cato-Cambrian world, received his possessions back, but in 1563 he transferred the ducal residence from Chambery to Turin .
XVI — XVIII centuries
In the XVI-XVIII centuries the lands of the House of Savoy reached their maximum size. In 1601, in accordance with the Treaty of Lyon , which ended the war with France , Savoy lost Bress, Zheks and Bugey, but retained the Margrave of Saluzzo.
Despite the French occupation in 1690-1666, Savoy retained control of the Alpine passes linking France with Italy, and received Pinerolo under the Treaty of Turin .
In 1703, the Margraine of Montferrat passed into the possession of the House of Savoy.
In 1713, in the Utrecht world, Duke Victor Amadeus II received Alessandria and Valsesia , as well as . However, the Kingdom of Sicily was the most important acquisition: now Victor Amadeus received the royal title. Under the London Treaty of 1718, he exchanged the far-flung Sicilian kingdom for closer Sardinia , and from then on the lands of the House of Savoy became known as the Sardinian Kingdom . Due to the fact that in 1742 Sardinia entered the war for the Austrian inheritance on the side of Austria, in 1742-1748 the continental possessions of the House of Savoy were again occupied by the French.
Section of Savoy Lands
During the wars of the French Revolution, the Savoy lands to the west of the Alps were annexed to France , where the Mont Blanc department was formed, but after the defeat of Napoleon they returned to the Sardinian kingdom. In 1816, according to the Treaty of Turin, the border between the Sardinian kingdom and Switzerland was adjusted.
In 1858, the Plombier Agreement was signed between France and Sardinia, according to which France was promised Savoy and Nice in exchange for assistance in the war with Austria. The transfer was carried out in 1860 in accordance with the Turin Treaty . The Turin Treaty did not provide for the transfer of Tanda and La Brig , which were declared the “hunting territories” of the Sardinian king, and were part of the united Italian kingdom ; they were transferred to France only in 1947.