Injector pump - an integrated direct fuel injection system for diesel engines, is a fuel pump combined with an injector . A single plunger pump is used, usually driven by a camshaft.
History
In 1911, a patent was issued in the UK for pump nozzles, reminiscent of those used today. [ when? ] . [one]
Commercial use of pump nozzles in the United States began in the early 1930s with Winton engines that drive locomotives, boats, and even U.S. Navy submarines. [2] In 1934, Arthur Filden received US patent No. 1,981,913 [3] for the construction of a pump nozzle. [4] Later, this design was used by General Motors two-stroke diesel engines. Most medium-sized diesel engines use a single pump and separate nozzles, but some manufacturers such as Detroit Diesel [5] and Electro-Motive Diesel have become well known pump nozzles in which a high pressure pump is combined with a nozzle. In 1951, a detailed presentation was held on the development of modern pump nozzles. [6]
In 1985, Detroit Diesel, a division of General Motors Corporation, introduced the first electronic pump nozzle for commercial vehicles in its 92 series of two-stroke diesel engines after the introduction of the 60 series, four-stroke engines in 1987 [7] . Soon, other manufacturers adopted electronic nozzles. In 1995, Electro-Motive Diesel changed the 710 diesel engines to electronic pump nozzles.
Today [ when? ] major manufacturers using pump nozzles are: Robert Bosch GmbH , CAT , [8] Cummins , [9] Delphi , [10] [11] Detroit Diesel , Electro-Motive Diesel . [12]
Design
An important difference from power systems based on mechanical injection and Common Rail is the lack of a common injection pump in the power system at the pump nozzles. Here, in fact, each pump nozzle is an individual miniature injection pump for each cylinder, and the total number of pump nozzles is always equal to the number of motor cylinders - one for each cylinder [13] .
The nozzle pump is always installed in the cylinder head, with the pumping part outward, and the nozzle in the head housing. The pump injector is driven either by a camshaft or by a separate cam shaft, therefore the pump nozzles are always located under the valve cover and are not visible from the outside of the motor. Injection dosing is carried out by a solenoid valve. The fuel is supplied to the pump nozzles by a common low pressure booster pump. The fuel system is divided into a low pressure feed system (about 5 bar) and a high pressure injection system (about 2000 bar).
Application
The most widely used diesel engine power systems for pump nozzles have been widely used in the USA since the early 1980s, due to the country's particularly stringent environmental requirements and the widespread use of electronics in motors. These are almost all diesel engines Caterpillar, Cummins, Detroit Diesel, Volvo-USA produced in the 1980s and 2010s.
On cars, the most famous development is TDI from VW-Audi. Gradually superseded from development by the Common Rail system .
See also
- Fuel equipment
- Pump unit
Notes
- ↑ DeLuca, Frank Fuel Injection History (PDF). www.disa.it. Date of treatment May 17, 2016.
- ↑ Winton 201A diesel engine (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment May 17, 2016. Archived June 26, 2009.
- ↑ United States Patent 1981913 . Date of treatment May 17, 2016.
- ↑ A. Fielden Fuel Pump (PDF). Date of treatment May 17, 2016.
- ↑ Asmus, A. Diesel engines and fuel systems. - ISBN 1-56091-542-0 .
- ↑ Kettering, EW (November 29, 1951). " History and Development of the 567 Series of General Motors Locomotive Engines " in ASME 1951 Annual Meeting ., Atlantic City, NJ: Electro-Motive Division, General Motors Corporation. Retrieved May 17, 2016 .
- ↑ DDEC Detroit Diesel Electronic Control . doi : 10.4271 / 850542 . Date of treatment May 17, 2016.
- ↑ HEUI Fuel Systems (PDF). Cat.com . Caterpillar Inc. (1999). Date of treatment May 17, 2016.
- ↑ Fuel Systems - High Pressure Injection (HPI) Systems . Cummins.com . Cummins Inc .. Accessed May 17, 2016.
- ↑ Injection Systems and Components - Delphi E1 Diesel Electronic Unit Injector . Delphi.com Delphi Automotive LLP. - Manufacturer Products: Commercial Vehicle Industry. Date of treatment May 17, 2016. Archived December 30, 2009.
- ↑ Injection Systems and Components - Delphi E3 Diesel Electronic Unit Injector (link not available) . Delphi.com Delphi Automotive LLP. - Manufacturer Products: Commercial Vehicle Industry. Date of treatment May 17, 2016. Archived on May 7, 2016.
- ↑ Denso targets French, US automakers
- ↑ Pumpe Düse Einspritzung (PDE - UIS) (German) . kfztech.de . Date of treatment May 17, 2016.