Polyethylene glycol (PEG, macrogol) - ethylene glycol polymer .
| Polyethylene glycol | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Are common | |
| Systematic name | poly (oxyethylene) |
| Abbreviations | PEG, PEG |
| Traditional names | polyethylene glycol |
| Rac formula | C 2n H 4n + 2 O n + 1 |
| Physical properties | |
| Density | 1.1—1.2 g / cm³ |
| Thermal properties | |
| T. v. | 182–287 ° C |
| Classification | |
| Reg. CAS number | |
| Reg. EINECS number | |
| Codex Alimentarius | |
| CHEBI | |
Content
Description
Water-soluble non-ionic polymer obtained by polymerization of ethylene oxide with a ring opening. Depending on the average molecular weight of the polymer, it is a viscous liquid, a gel or solid substance. The structural formula is as follows:
HO– (CH 2 −CH 2 −O) n −H
Application
- Binder in some types of solid rocket fuel
- Solvents
- In medicine and cosmetics (basis for ointments)
- Cryoprotector , the basis of plant growth regulators
- Strong osmotic used to simulate drought in vegetative experiments.
- The basis for special fluids in brake systems is due to a combination of high boiling point, lubricating property, minimal corrosivity and consistently low viscosity over a wide range of temperatures, including extreme cold.
- Registered as a food additive E1521 .
- Used as a laxative in preparation for clinical procedures requiring a lack of contents in the colon.
- It is used in modeling underwater eruptions : when this substance is poured out into a cold sucrose solution, it takes the same forms as lava hardening under water. Thanks to this, it is possible (by entering the appropriate corrections) to determine the conditions in which various types of frozen lava appear [1]
- used in the creation of some biopharmaceuticals in which the molecules of active biopolymers (proteins, enzymes) are covalently linked to oligomeric units of polyethylene glycol. Such a modification by covalent attachment of polyethylene glycol is called pegylation.
Clinical studies
PEG has the property to hide the epitopes of cell membrane antigens from the corresponding paratopes of antibodies without substantially damaging the function of this antigen, and therefore it was used in experiments to obtain blood group 0 from A, B, and AB. However, studies show that the red blood cells thus treated have immunogenicity and, accordingly, low survival in the recipient's body during transfusion [2] .
Research Application
- It was shown that PEGs with different molecular weights can be used to estimate the diameter and geometry of the water pore of the protein channel embedded in the bilayer phospholipid membrane, since in aqueous solutions the molecules of polyethylene glycols have a spherical shape and can block the conductivity of ion channels [3] .
- Vectors in gene therapy (such as viruses) can be coated with PEGs to protect them from inactivation by the immune system [4] .
See also
- Butyl glycol
Notes
- ↑ Batiza R., White JDL Submarine Lavas and Hyaloclastite / / Encyclopedia of Volcanoes / Editor-in-chief Haraldur Sigurdsson. - Academic Press, 1999. - P. 363. - 1417 p. - ISBN 9780080547985 .
- ↑ Garratty G. The Modulating the red cell membrane to Produce universal / of stealth the donor red cells for transfusion Suitable // the Vox Sanguinis. - 2008. - Vol. 94, No. 2 . - P. 87–95. - DOI : 10.1111 / j.1423-0410.2007.01003.x . - PMID 18034787 .
- ↑ Muratkhodjaev JN, Krasilnikov OV; Merzliak PG, Sabirov RZ; Ternovsky VI Ald method of ionic membranes (English) // FEMS Microbiology: journal. - 1992. - Vol. 105 - P. 93-100 . - DOI : 10.1111 / j.1574-6968.1992.tb05891.x . - PMID 1384601 .
- ↑ Kreppel, Florian; Kochanek, Stefan. Modification of Adenovirus Generators: A Scientific Review and Technical Guide (Eng.) // Molecular Therapy: journal. - 2007. - Vol. 16 , no. 1 . - P. 16-29 . - DOI : 10.1038 / sj.mt.6300321 . - PMID 17912234 .
Literature
- Vox Sanguinis. - 2008. - Vol. 94, No. 2 . - P. 87–95. - DOI : 10.1111 / j.1423-0410.2007.01003.x . - PMID 18034787 .