Viktor Vasilyevich Lebedinsky ( June 19, 1927 , Moscow - August 25, 2008 , Moscow ) is a Soviet and Russian psychologist. He devoted more than 30 years to the study of childhood psychopathology, founded the psychology of abnormal development - a direction at the intersection of psychology , defectology , child psychiatry, pediatric neurology, ethology , psychoanalysis , created an original classification of mental development disorders. Candidate of psychological sciences , associate professor. Associate Professor, Department of Neuro- and Pathopsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov . Laureate of the Lomonosov Prize . Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation .
| Victor Vasilievich Lebedinsky | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Date of Birth | June 19, 1927 |
| Place of Birth | Moscow |
| Date of death | August 25, 2008 (aged 81) |
| Place of death | Moscow |
| A country | USSR → Russia |
| Scientific field | pathopsychology , psychology of abnormal development |
| Place of work | Faculty of Psychology, Moscow State University |
| Alma mater | Moscow State University |
| Academic degree | candidate of psychological sciences |
| Academic rank | assistant professor |
| supervisor | A.R. Luria |
Content
Biography
Born on June 19, 1927 in a family of employees [1] . From the age of 12 he attended public lectures at the Faculty of History of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov [1] .
In 1946, Viktor Vasilievich entered the Faculty of History of Moscow State University. MV Lomonosov [2] to the department of modern history, which he graduated in 1950 [1] . He wrote a dissertation on the French Revolution , but did not defend it [2] . From 1951 to 1962 he taught history at schools No. 638 and 527 in Moscow [1] .
From 1962 to 2008, he worked at the Department of Psychology of the Philosophical Faculty of Moscow State University , then - at the Faculty of Psychology , where he began as a senior laboratory assistant, and over time received the title of Associate Professor of the Department of Neuro - and Pathopsychology. Already in the third year of work he conducted seminars on general psychology under the guidance of A. R. Luria [2] . In 1967 he defended his thesis on "Violations of movements and actions in patients with damage to the frontal lobes of the brain." In 1997 he became a laureate of the Lomonosov Prize for teaching.
For more than forty years, Viktor Vasilievich was in a marital relationship with Klara Samoilovna Lebedinskaya , an outstanding pediatric psychiatrist and defectologist , a student of the founder of Russian child psychiatry, Gruni Efimovna Sukhareva . Scientists Viktor Vasilyevich and Klara Samoilovna were large collectors of graphics and painting at the turn of the XIX — XX centuries. In particular, their collection included the works of Alexei Savrasov , Isaac Levitan , Vasily Polenov , Konstantin Korovin , Boris Kustodiev , Apollinaria Vasnetsov . In 2011, the collection was transferred to the Pushkin Museum [3] [4] .
Scientific Contribution
The works of C. Darwin , C. Lorenz , N. Bohr , as well as K. Levin , D. Bruner, J. Piaget , and Z. Freud had a great influence. He respected the natural sciences, such as cybernetics , physiology , and medicine [2] . The reference books were the works of G. E. Sukhareva , L. S. Vygotsky , N. A. Bernshtein , A. R. Luria [5] . Thanks to the latter, he developed the concepts of heterochrony , development asynchrony , which formed the basis of the concept of dysontogenesis . He understood dysontogenesis as the life of a child under special conditions, as a systemic holistic disorder [6] .
He proposed an original scheme of the mechanisms of mental dysontogenesis, identified four main parameters, such as the functional localization of the disorder, the time of the lesion, the ratio of primary (biologically caused) and secondary (due to the dynamics of development) defects, the violation of interfunctional relationships. These parameters determine six variants of mental development disorders: general persistent underdevelopment, developmental delay, impaired development, deficit development, distorted development and disharmonious development. Viktor Vasilievich singled out the listed types of dysontogenesis on the basis of the disruption mechanism and combined them into three categories: the group in which the leading one is developmental lag (underdevelopment, developmental delay); a group caused by a breakdown or loss of certain functions (damaged and deficient); group caused by disproportionality of development (distorted and disharmonious) [2] . The main ideas underlying the original typology of dysontogenesis are set forth in the scientific work of V. V. Lebedinsky, "Disorders of mental development in childhood." The book has been reprinted 7 times.
In recent years, together with MK Bardyshevskaya, he developed the theory of a multi-level structure of the system of emotional regulation , interest in this issue is presented in the joint training manual “Diagnosis of emotional disorders in children”. Currently, work at the Department of Neuro- and Pathopsychology is continued by students and colleagues of V.V. Lebedinsky.
Teaching activities
At the Faculty of Psychology of Moscow State University, Viktor Vasilievich lectured on General Psychology, Psychology of Abnormal Development, and Emotional Disorders and Their Correction in Children.
Scientific Papers
Viktor Vasilievich is the author of more than 75 scientific papers published in domestic and foreign publications.
Monographs
- "Disorders of mental development in childhood" (1985)
- "Workshop on Pathopsychology" (co-authored 1987)
- “Psychology of abnormal development. An anthology. Volume 1, 2 ”(co-authored (2002)
- “Diagnosis of Emotional Disorders in Children: A Training Manual” (co-authored 2003)
- Mental developmental disorders in childhood and adolescence (co-authored 2011)
Articles
- Pioneer team / V. Lebedinsky // Debtor - Eucalyptus. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1972. - ( Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vols.] / Ch. Ed. A. M. Prokhorov ; 1969-1978, vol. 8).
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Obituary of Lebedinsky on the website of the journal Psychology Issues
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Ideas of V.V. Lebedinsky in the psychology of abnormal development. / Sat scientific Art. / Ed. M.K. Bardyshevskaya, L.S. Pechnikova, A.L. Ryzhova - M: Acropolis, 2012.
- ↑ Archive of the A. Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts
- ↑ New arrivals in the department of personal collections: collections of Victor and Klara Lebedinsky, Vsevolod Nekrasov, Rudolph and Natalia Duganovs. Painting by Edward Steinberg and Vladimir Weisberg.
- ↑ Vestn. Mosk. University. Ser. 14. Psychology 2008 No. 3 - p. 140
- ↑ Disorders of mental development in childhood. Lebedinsky V.V.M., 1985 - p. 31
Literature
- Obituary V.V. Lebedinsky . // " Questions of Psychology ", 2008.
- In memory of Victor Vasilievich Lebedinsky . // “ Bulletin of Moscow University . Series 14. Psychology ”, No. 3, 2008. S. 140-141.
- Zvereva N.V., Roshchina I.F.V.V. Heritage and modern clinical psychology of dysontogenesis. // Journal " Clinical and Special Psychology ", 2012. No. 4.
- On the occasion of the 80th anniversary of Viktor Vasilievich Lebedinsky . // “Bulletin of Moscow University. Series 14. Psychology ”, No. 3, 2007. S. 113-115.