Tarracon Spain ( Latin Hispania Tarraconensis ) is one of the three Roman provinces on the Iberian Peninsula . The capital of the province was located in Tarracon ( lat. Tarraco ).
This province belonged to almost the entire Mediterranean coast of modern Spain , part of the Atlantic coast of Spain and Portugal . The southern part of the Iberian Peninsula , now called Andalusia , was called Betica , and on the west coast was the province of Lusitania . The capital of the province was the city of Tarraco .
History
After the Cantabrian Wars, 29-19 BC e. all of Spain came under the rule of Rome . The Cantabras were the last nation to maintain independence.
The province of Tarracon Spain arose on the site of the province of Near Spain ( Latin Hispania Citerior ) and Galicia ( Latin Gallaecia ), part of the province of Far Spain , in 27 BC. e. during the provincial reform of Emperor Octavian Augustus . It received the status of an imperial province , unlike the other two Iberian provinces, which remained under the control of the Senate . The province was divided into seven judicial districts: Tarragona, New Carthage , Caesar Augustus , Clunia , Lucus Augustus , Asturica Augustus and Bracara Augustus .
In 60, Servius Sulpicius Galba became the procurator of Tarracon Spain. In 68, he joined the rebellion of Vindex , and after the death of the latter and the suicide of Emperor Nero, he himself becomes emperor.
In 73, Pliny the Elder became the procurator of Tarracon Spain. The emperor Caracalla identified the province of New Near Spain Antonina from Tarracon Spain, bounded in the north by the Duero River and located in the northwestern part of the peninsula. Its existence is known only from the inscriptions. Most likely, in the 30s of the III century, the province was disbanded.
After the reform of Diocletian in 293, the province was divided into three parts: Gallecia ( lat. Gallaecia ), Carthage ( lat. Carthaginiensis ) and Tarraconica ( lat. Tarraconensis ).
Tarracon Spain was lost by Rome at the beginning of the 5th century as a result of the invasion of the Visigoths and the uprisings of the Basques and Cantabras that began at the same time. As a result, the Kingdom of the Visigoths arose on the territory of Tarracon Spain.
Export
From Tarracon Spain, timber , cinnabar , gold , iron , tin , lead , marble , wine and olive oil were exported .
Literature
- Tilmann Bechert: Die Provinzen des römischen Reiches. Einführung und Überblick. von Zabern, Mainz 1999, ISBN 3-8053-2399-9 , S 65-71 (Antike Welt. Sonderhefte = Orbis Provinciarum. = Zaberns Bildbände zur Archäologie).
- Franz Braun: Die Entwicklung der spanischen Provinzialgrenzen in römischer Zeit. Weidmann, Berlin 1909 (Quellen und Forschungen zur alten Geschichte und Geographie 17, ISSN 0259-7055).
- Rudolf Haensch: Capita provinciarum. Statthaltersitze und Provinzialverwaltung in der römischen Kaiserzeit. von Zabern, Mainz 1997, ISBN 3-8053-1803-0 (Kölner Forschungen 7).
- Patrick Le Roux: L'armée romaine et l'organisation des provinces ibériques d'Auguste à l'invasion de 409. Boccard, Paris 1982, ISBN 2-7018-0002-1 (Publications du Center Pierre Paris 8 = Collection de la Maison des Pays Ibériques 9).
- Daniel Nony: Die spanischen Provinzen. In: Claude Lepelley (Hrsg.): Rom und das Reich in der hohen Kaiserzeit. Band 2: Die Regionen des Reiches. Saur, München ua 2001, ISBN 3-598-77449-4 , S. 121-150 (Überblick mit guter Bibliographie).
- Walter Trillmich, Annette Nünnerich-Asmus (Hrsg.): Denkmäler der Römerzeit. von Zabern, Mainz 1993, ISBN 3-8053-1547-3 (Hispania Antiqua).