Dmitry Konstantinovich Belanovsky (1879 - 1954) - locksmith of the Belgorod Depot of the Southern Railway , a deputy of the State Duma of the second convocation from the Kursk province , a Russian revolutionary.
| Dmitry Konstantinovich Belanovsky | |
|---|---|
 Member of the Second Duma, 1907 | |
| Date of Birth | 1879 |
| Place of Birth | Kharkiv |
| Date of death | 1954 |
| A place of death | Kharkov region |
| Citizenship |  Russian empire  the USSR |
| Occupation | locksmith, deputy of the State Duma of the 2nd convocation from the Kursk province |
| Education | |
| Religion | Orthodoxy |
| The consignment | RSDLP |
Content
- 1 Biography
- 2 family
- 3 Literature
- 3.1 Recommended Sources
- 3.2 Archives
- 4 notes
Biography
By nationality, the Ukrainian [1] , in the pre-revolutionary and following sources, it was often indicated that he was Russian [2] . The son of a retired (since 1850) junior officer engaged in tilling. Eleven years old graduated from elementary rural school. He became a student of a rural blacksmith, studied with him for about a year. Since 1893, a student in the forge and locksmith workshop of Ignatiev. He graduated from the railway school [3] . In 1898 he joined a steam locomotive factory in Kharkov , where he was fired in 1899 for participating in the “riots”. He moved to St. Petersburg, began working at the Baltic Shipyard as a mechanic in a mechanical workshop. He took part in strikes in 1900 and 1901. He was forced to return to Kharkov.
He was on the list of "unreliable" in the so-called "black book", because of this for a long time he could not find work in any of the factories. In 1902, he found work with an engineer Krushel, after which he went to the Technical Institute in Tomsk for wiring steam and water heating. In 1902 he was arrested for participating in a May Day demonstration in Tomsk. He stayed in a Tomsk prison for 2 months, after which the police chief sent him from Tomsk with his order. Again in Kharkov, then in St. Petersburg . In 1903 he was hired by a nail factory on Vasilievsky Island . He joined the RSDLP . In December 1904, he raised funds to help the Putilov factory strikers. Under the threat of arrest, he went to the Donbass . Hired at a glass factory at Konstantinovka station, but at the request of the police he had to leave this place of work. He moved to Sulin station , but even there the police opposed the search for work, after which he returned to St. Petersburg. In early 1905, he actively participated in the formation of the Council of Workers' Deputies at the nail factory. He actively participated in the October strike of 1905. Fearing arrest, he went to Belgorod , where he got a job as a mechanic in the Belgorod depot of the Southern Railway . In Belgorod, he became known as a rally speaker [3] . He actively supported the decision of the Central Committee of the RSDLP , campaigning for a boycott of the elections to the 1st State Duma .
Elected by the elector from the workers of the Belgorod depot. On February 8, 1907, he was elected to the State Duma of the 2nd convocation from the general electors of the Kursk Provincial Electoral Assembly. At a rally while seeing him off to the Duma, he called on "to throw enmity with the gendarmes and guards and to rally around the tsar’s father" [4] . He joined the Menshevik wing of the Social Democratic fraction. He was a member of the Duma commission on the normal rest of employees in trade and craft establishments. He participated in the debate in the Duma on the issue of assistance to the unemployed.
Dear deputies, I cannot but speak, since I myself belong to the workers and cannot speak as briefly as Fr. Plato . He said that the workers were embarrassed by young people. No, gentlemen, it was not these people who embarrassed them, but those people who lived all the time in factories who were constantly under the oppression of the capitalists, as well as the government itself, those people themselves created everything. When the workers announced their desires, they were everywhere crushed by both the capitalists and the government. Now you yourself know what the workers have come to. You know in which caves they live, that they even lack a piece of bread. You know what their life is. Here the chairman of the Council of Ministers said: “Hands up!” - We will not be afraid of this, but I will say: “Put us in jail, shoot us, take us to the gallows, we are not afraid of this” ( applause on the left ). Workers - a big force. In their hands are the creation and flourishing of all production. If you do not satisfy them, then this will lead to bloodshed ( exclamations on the right: “Down with - enough!” The Chairman calls ). If we are told: “May God rise again and scatter him”, I will say: “May the world rise again and let the oppressors of the people disperse ( to the right )” ( applause from the center and the left ). [5] .
Since March 1907 he was a member of the railway section of the Social Democratic fraction [1] . Held meetings with voters turning into crowded rallies. As follows from police reports, he "reported on the activities of the Duma to them, urged workers to send petitions to the Duma about their needs, but to behave calmly towards government authorities" [6] . On April 28, 1907, at a meeting with his railway voters in Belgorod, he stated that "the Duma will be able to achieve truth, will, and land, but this can be achieved not by violence, but by love" [1] . On May 5, 1907, a search was conducted at the headquarters of the Duma faction of Social Democrats, which was located in an apartment rented in the name of I.P. Ozol , among the 35 people whom the police found there, there were 5 deputies, including Belanovsky [7] . He was brought to trial in the case of the Social Democratic Duma fraction .
After the dissolution of the Duma on June 3, 1907 - June 7, was arrested in Odessa . On December 1, 1907, he was sentenced in the case of the Social Democratic Faction by the Special Presence of the Governing Senate to exile in the settlement. He spent 8 months in solitary confinement at the Pre-trial Detention House in St. Petersburg , after which 2 months in the St. Petersburg transit prison and then 2 months in the Irkutsk prison . He was exiled to the Bolshe-Mamyr volost of the Nizhneudinsky district of the Irkutsk province , then to the village of Belskoye in the same province, earned his living by blacksmithing and locksmith crafts. In the first half of the 1910s, along with former Duma deputies A.K. Vinogradov and I.A. Lopatkin, he campaigned for the creation of the trade union of Cheremkhov miners. He organized with them several conspiratorial meetings in the woods outside the village of Cheremkhovo , at which the workers were explained the goals and objectives of the labor movement [8] .
March 19, 1917 arrived in Petrograd together with a group of revolutionaries on the Irkutsk train, at the Nikolaev station he hosted a reception [9] . He entered the Executive Committee of the Petrograd Soviet of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies. Chairman of the revolutionary railway headquarters and member of the city headquarters to combat counter-revolution during the Kornilov rebellion . A delegate to the First All-Russian Congress of Councils and a member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) [1] .
In 1918 he was in the city of Belgorod during the capture of his German troops, was arrested, but managed to escape to Kursk . Then he became a member of the RCP (b) . He was in the revolutionary committee of the front line at Prokhorovka station, then became its chairman, after the capture of Belgorod by the Red Army - the chairman of the Belgorod district revolutionary committee. After the capture of Belgorod by the Volunteer Army of General Denikin, by the decision of the Kursk Provincial Committee, he was appointed chairman of the revolutionary committee in the city of Suja . After the lesson, Suji Denikin left for Kursk and was in charge of the evacuation of Kursk. As the White Guards approached, he moved to the Ponyri station, then to Orel . Sent by the Kursk Provincial Committee of the RCP (B.) To the Commissar of Railways; he was sent to Samara , where he was the acting head of the district political department of the Batraki station. After the return of Belgorod to the control of the Bolsheviks, he was summoned to the headquarters of the Southwestern Front and appointed chairman of the Belgorod district revolutionary committee (then the executive committee).
Since April 1920, he was in charge of the district political department of the Belgorod section of the railway. On February 15-17, 1921, he participated in the First Belgorod Conference of Non-Party Railway Workers, speaking at it, Belanovsky said: “There are now more proletariat and peasantry in prisons than the bourgeoisie” [1] . In 1921 he participated in the congress of railway workers and water workers, by his decision he was sent as deputy chairman to the Southern Bureau of the Southern District of Railways. Chairman of the railway department of the Supreme Tribunal of the Ukrainian SSR (since its inception). In 1922 he was sent to Belgorod. Since July 1, 1923, the assistant prosecutor of the district tribunal, then worked in the Kharkov carriage workshops. From August 15, 1924, he was the head of the organizational and instructing department in the Road Insurance Committee, from February 10, 1925 he was authorized by the Center for Social Insurance of the Southern District of Railways, from 1928 he was the head of the mobilization sector of the People’s Commissariat of Transport of the Ukrainian SSR, from 1930 he was assistant to the head of the construction of a tractor plant in Kharkov, from 1934 Assistant to the managing director of the ProjectPut Institute in Kharkov.
In 1924-1934 he was a member of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Ministry of Natural Resources . He was a member of the All-Union Society of Former Political Prisoners and Exiled Settlers (membership card No. 1599 [1] ).
Arrested on August 28, 1936 in Kharkov. The CCA under the NKVD was sentenced in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 54-10 of the Criminal Code of the Ukrainian SSR (marked KRTD - counter-revolutionary Trotskyist activity) to 5 years in prison. He served his term in Vorkutlag , where he arrived on March 28, 1937. At the end of the term in 1941 he was left in the camp until the end of the war. Released March 30, 1946. In 1949 he returned to central Russia without the right to reside in large cities. He lived in a nursing home near Kharkov , died in 1954 [1] .
Family
- Brother - Fedor Konstantinovich Belanovsky, master of the Belgorod railway workshops [1] .
- Wife - Antonina Pavlovna nee ?, exiled for 5 years "to the Far North and Siberia" in 1936, further fate unknown [1] .
- Son - Evgeny Dmitrievich Belonovsky (1918, Belgorod - December 25, 1941, the village of Nekrasovo, Tarusa district ), was exiled for 5 years with his mother after the arrest of his father [1] , in 1941, a military technician of the 2nd rank of 26 separate rifle cadet brigade , killed in battle near the village of Nekrasovo, Tarusa District, Tula Region [10] .
Literature
- Boyovich M. M. Members of the State Duma (Portraits and Biographies). The second convocation. M .: Type. Partnership I. D. Sytin. 1907. S. 155.
- Kanishchev V. Yu. BELANOVSKY Dmitry Konstantinovich. // State Duma of the Russian Empire: 1906-1917. B. Yu. Ivanov, A.A. Komzolova, I.S. Ryakhovskaya. Moscow. ROSSPEN. 2008.S. 43.
- V.N. Belonovsky . Parliamentarian of two eras: Belanovsky Dmitry Konstantinovich (strokes for the portrait). // Bulletin of the Russian State Humanitarian University. Series "Jurisprudence". 2014. No. 15 (137) S. 139-151.
Recommended Sources
- Figures of the revolutionary movement in Russia. Bibliographic dictionary. Volume 5. C. 1;
- Political penal servitude and exile; Biographical directory of members of the Society of political prisoners and exiled settlers. M, 1934.S. 54-55.
Archives
- State Archive of the Russian Federation. Fund 4888. Inventory 6. Case 274. Sheet 118-19; Fund 533. Inventory 2. Case 148.
- Russian State Historical Archive. Foundation 1278. Inventory 1 (2nd convocation). Case 58; Case 604. Sheet 21 Turn.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V.N. Belonovsky . Parliamentarian of two eras: Belanovsky Dmitry Konstantinovich (strokes for the portrait). // Bulletin of the Russian State Humanitarian University. Series "Jurisprudence". 2014. No. 15 (137) S. 139-151.
- ↑ In the Russian Empire, the term “Russian” was understood as the unity of the Little Russian (Ukrainian), Belarusian and Great Russian (Russian) peoples.
- ↑ 1 2 Boyovich MM. Members of the State Duma (Portraits and Biographies). The second convocation. M .: Type. Partnership I. D. Sytin. 1907. S. 155.
- ↑ Cit. by: Kanishchev V. Yu. Belanovsky Dmitry Konstantinovich. // State Duma of the Russian Empire: 1906-1917. B. Yu. Ivanov, A.A. Komzolova, I.S. Ryakhovskaya. Moscow. ROSSPEN. 2008.S. 43.
- ↑ Under the banner of the First Russian Revolution. (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment May 2, 2016. Archived June 3, 2016.
- ↑ GA of the Russian Federation, fL02, op. 237, d.110, v. 2, l. 301. Cit. by: Zhmykhova L.V. Regional representation in the Russian parliament of 1906-1917: On the example of the Kursk province. Abstract of diss. ... to. And. N., Kursk, 1999.
- ↑ Boris Romanov . State Duma of the Russian Federation and the Duma of the Russian Empire in 1907-1917. Comparison
- ↑ Ivanov A. A. Political exile and the formation of the opposition movement in the Irkutsk province in the late XIX - early XX centuries.
- ↑ Tairova N.M. Organization of political amnesty meetings in 1917. // CLIO. No. 3-2007. S. 54-63.
- ↑ Information from the order on exclusion from the lists; Irrevocable loss information