Turksib

The idea of ​​building a railway to connect Turkestan and Siberia arose in 1886. On October 15, 1896, the city council of Verny (since 1921 Alma-Ata ) decided to create a commission to determine the benefits of the construction of the line. The Commission confirmed the feasibility of construction. The line was supposed to strengthen Russia's military presence in the region bordering Qing China , and also greatly simplify the export of cotton from Turkestan to Siberia and the return delivery of cheap Siberian grain and other goods to the region.

The Interministerial Committee in 1906 decided to allocate money for the construction of the Barnaul - Semipalatinsk - Verny line (now - Alma-Ata ) - Lugovaya - Arys . In 1907, surveys were conducted locally. In the south, from the Arys station to the Ili River, surveys were carried out by a group of engineer Golembiovsky, in the north by Semipalatinsk - a group of engineer Glezer.

A special group led by engineer Struve conducted statistical and economic studies in this area, which was reflected in the writings of the commission on the study of the Turkestan-Siberian road region in 1909. In the same years, under the guidance of engineer Adrianov, several variants of connecting lines from the Trans-Siberian Railway to Semipalatinsk were surveyed.

The Altai Railway from Novonikolaevsk to Semipalatinsk was put into temporary operation on October 21, 1915, and in permanent - in 1917, at the height of the First World War . At the same time, in the south, the Semirechenskaya railway was being built from Arys station to Verny. The events of the October Revolution stopped its construction at Burne station. And only in 1921 the railway line came to Auliye-Ata (now Taraz ).

During the Civil War, the railways of Siberia and Northern Semirechye were under the control of the Russian army, and by the decision of the commander in chief in 1918, the Novonikolaevsk - Semipalatinsk line was extended to Sergiopol (now Ayaguz ). By 1919, 140 kilometers of the track were laid. This road was dismantled for an unknown reason immediately after the retreat of the Russian army.

Turksib became one of the most famous construction sites of the first five-year plan in the USSR . The decision to build Turksib was made at a meeting of the Council of Labor and Defense of the USSR on December 3, 1926. The head of construction of Turksib was V. S. Shatov , who came to Russia in 1918 ^[1] .

1145 kilometers of the rail track were to be laid through mountain rivers, rocky ridges, hot sands. Preparations for the construction began in April 1927. The laying of the first link of the route from the Semipalatinsk station occurred on September 15, 1927, from the other end from the Lugovaya station on November 19. According to Kazakh custom, the first steam locomotive with Lugovoi entered a new line through a specially constructed arch, symbolizing a yurt through which a newborn is carried. Turkestan was written on one side of the arch, and Siberia on the other. On the engine, a kumach trembled with the slogan "Give Siberia!"

By May 1929, 562 km of track were built in the north and 350 km in the south. The road was still under construction, but trains were already running along it. On May 10, 1929, the first regular passenger train ran from Semipalatinsk to Sergiopol (Ayaguz).

In fact, Turksib’s bow occurred on April 21, 1930.

The “silver” crutch at the railroad docking station at the Ogyz-Korgan station, renamed Aina-Bulak (“Mirror Stream”) on this occasion, was clogged at 12 noon on April 28, 1930, 8 months ahead of schedule. After the rally on the occasion of the opening at Aina-Bulak station, a monument to Lenin was laid.

April 25 was the launch of the first working train along the entire highway, the train was held by the former shepherd Koshkinbaev - the first driver.

The first train with the builders of the route was conducted on the Turksib steam engine E- 1441. In memory of the labor feat of the Soviet people, in 1974 this steam locomotive was installed at an honorary parking in the capital of the Kazakh SSR, the city of Alma-Ata . However, in the late 90s, the relic was sold to China as scrap metal .

The opening was attended by correspondents from all over the country, including Ilya Ilf and Evgeny Petrov , B. Pilnyak , L. Martynov and others. The event is reflected not only in their journalistic reports, but also in art.

In 1929, the full-length film “ Turksib ” (directed by V. A. Turin) was released, which was a significant achievement in documentary films.

By a decision of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, it was decided on April 19, 1930 to award the entire construction team of the workers and engineering forces of Turksib and personally award the following persons with the Order of the Red Banner of Labor :

1. Shatov, Vladimir Sergeyevich - the chief of construction.
2. Balgaev - the senior working path.
3. Shermergori, Dirk Timofeevich - an engineer.
4. Perelman, Leo Moiseevich - pom. chief of construction.
5. Bublikova, Ivan Osipovich - the head of the laying towns.
6. Gnusarev, Alexander Ivanovich - the head of the laying towns.
7. Lodkin, Lazarus - the worker of the Karatalsky bridge.
8. Boriskin, Nikolai - compressor fitter.
9. Mazhenova, Akhmetzhan - a working stacker-crutch.
10. Bizyukin, Dmitry Dmitrievich - an engineer.

Signature

Chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee

M. Kalinin

Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR

A. Lezhava

Secretary of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee

A. Kiselev

In the early years of Turksib's existence, freight traffic on it doubled every five years. This was due to the large cargo flow created by the Ural-Kuznetsk Combine.

But Turksib soon ceased to cope with the flow of goods, which created difficulties for the development of the economy of the region. During the Great Patriotic War, the cargo flow of Turksib fell.

In 1958, the Turkestan-Siberian Railway was merged with the Karaganda Railway into the Kazakh Railway .

In 1960, a branch was opened from Aktogay station to the Soviet-Chinese border - Druzhba (Dostyk) station.

In 1971, the Alma-Ata Railway , the successor of Turksib, was allocated from the Kazakh railway, which lasted until 1996, when all the railways of independent Kazakhstan were merged into the republican state enterprise “Kazakhstan Railway” ( Kazakhstan Temir Zholy ).

Novosibirsk-Glavny , Inya exit (Novosibirsk), Sower ( Akademgorodok ), Berdsk , Iskitim , Cherepanovo , Srednesibirskaya , Novoaltaysk , Barnaul , Aleysk , Rubtsovsk , Lokot (gr.), Aul , Semipalatinsk , Charskaya station, Ayaguz , Aktogay , Akbalyk Matai , Ushtobe , Koksu , Ainabulak , Sary-Ozek , Kapchagay , Alma-Ata , Uzun-Agach , Berlik-1, Chu , Lugovaya , Dzhambul, Burnoye, Shymkent, Arys-1, Tashkent .

• Turksib's discovery is described in the book “The Golden Calf ” by Ilf and Petrov (1931). True, there Turksib is represented as the Eastern Highway, and Ainabulak station - as the Thundering Key. It was here that Ostap Bender finally received the coveted million from the underground millionaire Koreiko. The authors of the novel attended the bow as correspondents of the Moscow newspaper Gudok (the central press organ of the NKPS of the USSR ).
• The poet Alexander Vvedensky wrote the poem “Turksib” (was published in the children's magazine “Hedgehog” ). ^[2]
• On the construction of the Turkestan-Siberian Railway and its role in the development of the Seven Rivers in 1929, the documentary film The Steel Way (Turksib) was shot.
• The building of the Turksib Office in the style of constructivism in 1929 was designed by M. Ya. Ginzburg and I.F. Milinis .

• Complete list of Turksib stations

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  Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on the Awarding of A. Mazhenov Order of the Red Banner

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  Letter of KazTsik in the name of A. Mazhenov

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  The text of the letter of KazKik in Russian

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  The text of the letter of KazKik in the Kazakh language

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  Postage stamp of Kazakhstan dedicated to the 60th anniversary of Turksib

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  Postage stamp of Kazakhstan dedicated to the 75th anniversary of Turksib

• Sagatov E. Daladaғy Uly iz. A., 1983. 90-91-bb .; Mazhenov Akhmetzhan - the first builder of Turksib // Isingarin N. Famous railway workers of Kazakhstan. A., 2004.28-30-bb
• Kazakhstan. National Encyclopedia , 2-vol. Almaty - 1987.

• Unknown Turksib
• Video: Turksib Road of Life
• Video: Turksib. Interview with Nurbek Mazhenov
• Turksib Construction History
• HOW THE RAILWAY WAS BUILT
• Turksib - an important stage in the history of the formation of the railways of Kazakhstan
• Turksib: the first construction site of the USSR, or ...?
• How Turksib was built