Primer with various teachings ( church glorification . Бѹкв̀̀рь с ѝ ѹ ѹ ѹ ѧ ѧ , Bulgarian. Primer with different teachings ), also known as the Primer with different instructions , Primer with different directions [1] or Fish Primer ( Bulgarian. Riben primer ) - the first New Bulgarian a textbook for children, written by the Bulgarian teacher and encyclopedist Peter Beron and published in 1824 in Brasov .
The structure and content of the textbook
The primer consists of a preface, eight sections, an appeal to the reader and an appendix in the form of 12 animal drawings.
- In the preface, Beron shares his motives for writing the textbook.
- The first section . Actually, the ABC itself is: the alphabet, pronunciation of sounds, description of the parts of speech “ noun ”, “ adjective ”, “ verb ”, “ pronoun ”, “ preposition ”, “ adverb ”, etc.
- The second section . In it, Beron included a list of all Orthodox Christian prayers that every child must know, including “ Our Father ”.
- The third section . Named by Beron "Useful Tips." It includes 64 questions on raising children and answers are given.
- The fourth section . Named by Beron "Smart Answers." Like the previous section, it gives advice on raising children and illustrates it with examples from the life of the ancient Greeks.
- The fifth section . Fables.
- Sixth section . Named by Beron "Different Stories." It includes stories from the life of various ancient civilizations with teachings and instructions to the young generation.
- Seventh section . Named by Beron "Natural Tales." It is encyclopedic in nature, provides information on household items and products used in everyday life (tobacco, coffee, salt, etc.), and also talks about animals that are not found in Bulgaria (dolphin, crocodile, camel, rhino, etc. . d.).
- The eighth section . Named by Beron "Arithmetic." It shows only examples of arithmetic operations without a description of the rules. Beron left this section at the discretion of teachers, who were supposed to explain the arithmetic to the children themselves and show examples of actions. There are examples of division.
Title. Public outcry
The name Fish Primer was given in honor of the fact that a dolphin was depicted at the very end of the book (although dolphins belong to the class of mammals). The popularity of the ABC book in Bulgaria was extremely high. Over the next 20 years, the textbook was reprinted 6 times, and Peter Beron began to be respected in the country. According to the publicist Pyotr Karapetrov , the primer Pyotr Beron “was the last textbook studied from cover to cover” [2] .
2014 Incident
On October 10, 2014, a copy of the Primer was stolen from the National Literary Museum of Bulgaria . One of the museum staff was fired after this incident, and the next day the book was found. A second copy of the primer was also found, which was not listed in the museum fund. On the occasion of the discovery of a new book, Minister of Culture Martin Ivanov ordered an urgent inventory [3] .
Notes
- ↑ Primer with various indications . World Digital Library. Date of treatment January 22, 2013.
- ↑ Karapetrov, P. Material for describing the city of Panagyurishte and surround the village. Sredets, 1893, p. 101
- ↑ In Bulgaria, the second copy of the Fish Primer by Petar Beron was discovered (Russian)
Literature
- Pundev, V. Ribniyat primer. - Write-off at the Bulgarian Academy at Naukite, 63, 1942, 37-90