Soloviev, Anatoly Yakovlevich

He received his nine-year education at secondary school No. 33 in Riga in 1964 , and received his secondary education diploma after graduating from the 11th grade of evening school in 1966 , while working as a worker at the Riga building materials factory and as a mechanic at a worsted production association.

In August 1967, Anatoly Solovyov became a student of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the Latvian State University. It was here that he met Natalia Katyshevtseva, who seven years later became his wife. Without completing the first year, Anatoly left the institute to prepare for admission to the aviation school. To be closer to his beloved aviation, Solovyov began to work as a mechanic in the Latvian combined squadron.

In August 1968, Solovyov became a cadet at the Chernigov Higher Military Aviation School for Pilots named after the Lenin Komsomol . During his studies he mastered the aircraft L-29, UTI MiG-15, MiG-21 and had a flight time of 180 hours. In July 1971 he joined the CPSU . In October 1972 he graduated from college, having received the rank of " lieutenant " and a diploma of a military pilot - engineer .

Since November 1972, he served as a senior pilot of a reconnaissance air regiment in the Far East. September 27, 1974 he was awarded the qualification "Military Pilot of the 2nd Class", and in November of the same year he became a flight commander. He performed many difficult reconnaissance flights on the MiG-21R and a year later, on September 29, 1975 , he was awarded the qualification “Military Pilot of the 1st Class”.

In early 1976, he, as one of the best pilots of the unit, was invited to join the cosmonaut corps. Already in May, he passed the medical commission and was admitted to special training.

On August 23, 1976, by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force No. 686, Anatoly Solovyov, along with eight other pilots, was enlisted as a listener- astronaut in the cosmonaut corps of the CPC named after Yu. A. Gagarin (6th admission to the cosmonaut corps of the CPC). The group was recruited to train pilots under the Buran program. The preparation of the group differed from the usual one in that the pilots had to get the qualifications of testers as soon as possible.

From August 1976 to January 1979, Anatoly Soloviev was on general cosmic training. In accordance with the program, from January to June 1977, he completed a training course at the 267th Center for Testing Aviation Engineering and Test Pilot Training in the area of ​​the city of Akhtubinsk . There he mastered the MiG-17, Tu-134M, Yak-40, MiG-21U, MiG-21VS, MiG-21MD, MiG-21bis aircraft. June 29, 1977 he was awarded the qualification "Test Pilot 3 classes." In August of the same year, Anatoly Soloviev underwent special parachuting (35 jumps) and diving training, after which he was assigned the qualification of “Officer- Diver ”.

In 1978, Anatoly Solovyov completed general space training and in January 1979 was appointed a test cosmonaut to the aerospace facilities group of the CPC OK. During training in the Buran program group, Soloviev continued his test work, and on June 22, 1981 he was awarded the qualification of Test Pilot of the 2nd Class.

In January 1982, he was transferred to the group of international space programs. In 1983 - 1985 A. Solovyov was preparing to fly as a reserve crew commander for the main expedition to the Salyut-7 station along with A. Serebrov and N. Moskalenko.

In 1985 - 1986, he was trained as the commander of the reserve crew of the Soyuz T-15 spacecraft along with V. Savinykh.

From September 1986 to July 1987, he was already preparing as the commander of the second crew of the Soyuz TM-Z spacecraft, together with V. Savinykh and M. Khabib ( Syria ). On July 22, 1987 , he was an understudy of A. Viktorenko.

For participation in the preparation of the backup Soviet-Syrian crew, A. Solovyov was awarded the honorary title of Knight of the Order of Military Glory of the Syrian Arab Republic. He was also awarded the Syrian Order of Friendship and Cooperation.

From November 1987 to May 1988, he was already preparing as the commander of the first crew of the Soyuz TM-5 spacecraft together with V. Savinykh and A. Alexandrov ( Bulgaria ).

The first space flight was performed by Anatoly Solovyov on the Soyuz TM-5 and Mir spacecraft from June 7 to 17, 1988, together with V. Savinykh and A. Alexandrov (Bulgaria) as crew commander. Flight duration: 9 days 20 hours 9 minutes 19 seconds. Call sign "Spring-1".

Thus, Anatoly Solovyov launched into space after 12 years of hard training. After the flight, the crew commander was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Gold Star and the Order of Lenin , and also awarded the honorary title of “ USSR Pilot-Cosmonaut ” and the qualification “Cosmonaut of the 3rd class”.

Anatoly Solovyov was also awarded the title of Hero of the People's Republic of Bulgaria and was awarded the Golden Star and the Order of G. Dimitrov. He also received the military rank “ Colonel ” after his first flight - June 18, 1988 .

From December 1988 to April 1989, Anatoly Solovyov was trained as the commander of the second crew on the program of the 5th main expedition to the Mir OK, first with A. Balandin , and from February 1989 with A. Serebrov. After the launch was postponed to September, he continued training with A. Balandin again. Since September 1989, A. Solovyov was an understudy for the commander of the Soyuz TM-8 spacecraft A. Viktorenko.

In September 1989, Anatoly Solovyov began new preparations for the flight to the Mir OK as the commander of the first crew on the EO-6 program, together with A. Balandin.

In April 1990, Anatoly Solovyov was appointed commander of the second group of astronauts, while remaining the test cosmonaut OK CPK. Solovyov still holds this position.

Anatoly Solovyov made the second space flight from February 11 to August 9, 1990, on the Soyuz TM-9 and OK Mir spacecraft under the EO-6 program together with A. Balandin. During the flight, he performed two spacewalks with a total duration of 10 hours 47 minutes. Both exits were unplanned. The first was necessary to repair the Soyuz TM-9 screen-vacuum thermal insulation damaged when the ship was re-docked from aft to bow bow assembly. The second - to close the exit hatch on the "Quantum-2", damaged during the previous exit. Flight duration: 179 days 1 hour 17 minutes 57 seconds.

August 31, 1990 he was awarded the qualification "Cosmonaut of the 2nd class".

In 1990-1991 , he was trained in the group as a conditional crew commander for a flight to Mir station, together with A. Zaitsev.

January 11, 1991 A. Solovyov was appointed to the post of instructor-cosmonaut-test, remaining the commander of the 2nd group.

From May 19 to June 1991, Anatoly was trained as the commander of the reserve crew of the EO-10 ​​together with A. Zaitsev, but in connection with the decision to combine Austrian and Kazakh flights, the crew was disbanded.

From October 9, 1991 to February 25, 1992, he was preparing to fly to Mir OK under the EO-11 program as commander of the second crew of the EO-11 and the Soyuz TM-14 spacecraft, together with S. Avdeev and R. Ewald ( Germany ) .

From April 5 to July 7, 1992 he trained under the EO-12 program as commander of the first crew of the Soyuz TM-15 spacecraft again with S. Avdeev, as well as M. Tonini ( France ).

Anatoly Solovyov made his third space flight from July 27, 1992 to February 1, 1993 at the Soyuz TM-15 spacecraft and Mir OK as commander of the EO-12 along with S. Avdeev and M. Tonini (France). He worked at the station with A. Viktorenko and A. Kaleri, G. Manakov and A. Poleshchuk.

During the flight, he made 4 EVAs with a total duration of 18 hours 21 minutes, during which he mounted an external propulsion system at the Sophora farm. Flight duration: 188 days 21 hours 41 minutes 15 seconds.

March 31, 1993 A. Solovyov was awarded the qualification “Cosmonaut of the 1st class”. On April 1, 1994, by a decision of the MVK, chaired by Y. Koptev, Anatoly Solovyov was approved by the commander of the first crew of the EO-19 and the second crew of the EO-18.

From May 1994 to February 1995, A. Solovyov underwent direct preparation for the flight under the EO-18 program as commander of the second crew with N. Budarin, and from November 1, 1994 B. Dunbar ( USA ) joined them.

March 14, 1995 A. Solovyov was an understudy commander of the spacecraft “Soyuz TM-21” V. Dezhurov.

On March 27, A. Solovyov, along with N. Budarin, continued preparations for the flight under the EO-19 program, which ended on May 12. And from May 15 to June 27 A. Solovyov trained at the LB Johnson Space Center as part of the Atlantis crew (STS-71 flight), on which he should launch.

Anatoly Solovyov began his fourth space flight at the Atlantis MTKK, which launched on June 27, 1995 from the Cosmodrome named after Kennedy for the STS-71 program. In addition to EO-19 flight engineer Nikolai Budarin, NASA astronauts H. Gibson, Ch. Prekurt, E. Baker, G. Harbo and B. Dunbar started aboard the shuttle. Two days later, the shuttle docked to the World. A. Solovyov accepted the change from Vladimir Dezhurov and Gennady Strekalov (EO-18). The flight on the Mir was short-lived by modern standards - a little over two months. During this time, A. Solovyov completed 3 EVAs with a total duration of 14 h 32 min. Having handed over the change to Yuri Gidzenko and Sergey Avdeev, A. Solovyov and N. Budarin on the Soyuz TM-21 ship on September 11 returned to Earth. The flight duration was 75 days 12 hours 20 minutes 21 seconds.

After the flight, Anatoly Solovyov’s raid was 453 days 7 hours 28 minutes 52 seconds, and he moved to 5th place in the world in terms of total flight duration.

From May to August 1996, he was the first coordinator from the CPC to train Russian cosmonauts at NASA. This responsible appointment was made in order to best adapt A. Solovyov to work with the Americans. He was supposed to be appointed commander of the first crew on the ISS. Having worked at NASA, Anatoly Solovyov realized that he, one of the most experienced Russian cosmonauts, whose space raid is several times greater than the raid of any American astronaut, is subordinate to William Shepherd, declared NASA by the expedition commander. The role of Solovyov was reduced to the delivery of the crew to the ISS and the control of the spacecraft upon return to Earth. A. Solovyov did not like this situation, and he refused to be a member of the ISS crew. In September, the less experienced Yuri Gidzenko was appointed in his place, and Solovyov began training as the commander of the newly formed crew of the 24th expedition and the French Pegasus program, together with Pavel Vinogradov and Leopold Eyarts. Due to the emergency state of the station and the inability to complete the French scientific program, the astronaut-researcher was removed from the crew at the final stage of preparation.

From August 5, 1997 to February 19, 1998 he made his fifth space flight as commander of the Mir OK along with Pavel Vladimirovich Vinogradov. During the flight, he made seven spacewalks with a total duration of 35 hours 8 minutes. The flight duration was 197 days 17 hours 34 minutes 36 seconds.

The total flight of Anatoly Solovyov in space for 5 flights was 651 days 0 hours 3 minutes 28 seconds. He made 16 spacewalks with a total duration of 78 hours 48 minutes. This is a world record.

During the flight, he mastered 14 types of aircraft, has a flying time of more than 1,500 hours. Instructor parachute training, performed more than 140 parachute jumps.

Statistics ^[1]

Records on the number of spacewalks and the total stay in outer space ^[2] :

Married to Natalya Vasilyevna Solovyova (Katyshevtseva). In their family there are two sons - Gennady (1975) and Ilya (1980).

• Lieutenant (4.10.1972).
• Senior lieutenant (12/14/1974).
• Captain (12/31/1976).
• Major (01/19/1980).
• Lieutenant Colonel (01/26/1983).
• Colonel (06/18/1988).

• Hero of the Soviet Union ( June 17, 1988 );
• Order “For Merit to the Fatherland”, II degree ( April 10, 1998 ) - for the courage and heroism shown during a long space flight of the twenty-fourth main expedition to the Mir orbital research complex ^[3] ;
• Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" III degree ( October 5, 1995 ) - for the courage and heroism shown during a long space flight at the Mir orbital research complex ^[4] ;
• Order of Friendship of Peoples ( February 5, 1993 ) - for the successful implementation of a space flight at the Mir orbital research complex, showing courage and heroism ^[5]
• Order of Lenin (June 17, 1988);
• Order of the October Revolution ( August 11, 1990 ) - for the successful implementation of a space flight at the Mir orbital research complex and the courage and heroism shown ^[6] ;
• medal "For Merits in Space Exploration" ( April 12, 2011 ) - for great merits in the field of research, development and use of outer space, many years of conscientious work, active social activity ^[7] ;
• 15 anniversary medals;
• Hero of the People's Republic of Bulgaria ( NRB , 1988 );
• Order of George Dimitrov (NRB, 1988);
• Order of Stara Planina, 1st Degree ( Bulgaria , 2003 );
• Order of Military Glory ( Syria , 1987 );
• Order of Friendship and Cooperation (Syria, 1987);
• Legion of Honor Officer ( France , March 1999 );
• two NASA medals “For Space Flight” ( NASA Space Flight Medal);
• Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology for 1998 - for ensuring long-term operation and maintaining the technical condition of the design of the long-term orbital space stations Salyut, Mir and their modules ^[8] .

Awards of public organizations:

• Order “For zeal for the good of the Fatherland” (Fund “For the good of the Fatherland”, December 2005).

• Orbital station "Mir"

• Cavaliers of the Order of Glory of three degrees: A Brief Biographical Dictionary / Prev. ed. collegium D. S. Sukhorukov . - M .: Military Publishing House , 2000 .-- 703 p. - 10,000 copies. - ISBN 5-203-01883-9 .
• I. A. Marinin, S. Kh. Shamsutdinov, A. V. Glushko (compilers). Soviet and Russian astronauts. 1960-2000 / Edited by Yu. M. Baturin . - M .: LLC Information and Publishing House "Cosmonautics News", 2001. - ISBN 5-93345-003-0 .

• Solovyov, Anatoly Yakovlevich (Russian) . Site " Heroes of the country ".
• Cosmonaut Anatoly Solovyov . Video Encyclopedia "Cosmonauts". Roscosmos TV Studio
• Anatoly Solovyov (interview): “Just a little bit - and on the Moon we would be the first . ”