Melnikovo (Leningrad region)

Archaeological excavations in Melnikovo (Kalmistomyaki hill) revealed the remains of a settlement from the Bronze Age (1500-500 BC, asbestos ceramics ), as well as a soil burial ground. In the XII - XIV centuries , during the time of Novgorod ownership of the land of the current Melnikovsky rural settlement, they were part of the Gorodensky churchyard of the Korelsky district of Vodskaya Pyatina . Until the 17th century, the main population of Rääisälä was Karelians . After part of the territory of the Karelian Isthmus ceded to Sweden, the Orthodox population (Karelians and Russians) were expelled from these lands. Their place was taken by Finnish settlers located in Swedish citizenship from central Finland and the western part of the Karelian Isthmus .

On the estate of Putoria (the territory of modern Melnikovo) was born the archaeologist and ethnographer Theodor Schvindt . In 1912, a Lutheran church was built. On the territory of Kexholm County, the Rääisälä Kirchspire was considered almost the most prosperous in cultural and economic terms. In the village of Rääisälä, whose population reached 1,500 in the 1920s, a sports stadium with a terrace for running, the House of the Union of Workers (1939, now the library), Sberbank (now the post office), a large store (in 1954, it was built) reconstructed, now here is the Sanita bakery), the Nursing Home (1932, now the PU hostel). Regular ship voyages along Vuoksa from Räisälä parish to Kexholm began in the 1870s (three ships went in the best years). A bridge was built across the Ivaska Bay (the southeastern outskirts of the village of Rääisälä) in 1908, and before that there was a ferry. Rääisälä parish was famous for its athletes and song groups (in 1931 the Rääsälä mixed choir took first place at the Helsinki Song Festival). After the military events of 1939 - 1940 and 1941 - 1944, the village was settled by immigrants from the central regions of the RSFSR .
The current name appeared in 1948 . The village of Ryaysyalya was renamed in honor of Nikita Ivanovich Melnikov ^[2] , who died in the battles in Priozerye in 1941 . In addition to agriculture, animal husbandry also developed on the territory of the village council: for example, in 1953, near the village of Melnikovo, a raccoon in the amount of 82 pieces was released for resettlement and reproduction. In the village of Kommunary organized a fur farm.

By 1960, there were 1,481 people (343 households) in Melnikovo (the central estate of the state farm of the same name). There was a secondary school, a hospital with 25 beds (since 1961), a club, a library, a bakery, a vocational school No. 49. There are several hunting and fishing camps on the territory of the volost (mainly on the southern coast of Vuoksa ).

According to 1990 data , 2224 people lived in the village of Melnikovo . The village was the administrative center of the Melnikovsky village council, which included 8 settlements: the village of Khvoynoye; the villages of Bykovo, Vasilyevo , Gory , Koverino, Melnikovo , Studenoye, Torfyanoye, with a total population of 3001 people ^[3] .

In those years when the Melnikovsky village council was headed by the local historian and the talented administrator Yu. P. Svinarev, fruitful cooperation began with the Melnikovites with the natives of Rääisälä, who now live in Finland (Rääsälä Foundation). In August 2001, together with them, an international conference was held on the territory of the volost dedicated to the 150th anniversary of Theodor Schvindt. A memorial sign was erected at the site of his former estate.

In 1997, 1791 people lived in the village ^[4] .

In 2002, a wooden Orthodox church was built and consecrated in the name of the Holy Trinity.

In 2007, the population of the village was 1666 people ^[5] .

• Lutheran Church , a symbol of Melnikovo. (St. Kalinin, 5). Architect Joseph Stenbeck
• Monument to Finnish soldiers killed in the Soviet-Finnish wars
• Memorial to Soviet soldiers. ^[6]
• Orthodox Church
• The remains of the old bridge
• Manor (XIX — XX centuries) (18 Shkolnaya St.)
• House with a mezzanine (XIX — XX centuries) (Lipovaya St.)
• Residential building (1st third of the 20th century) (Vyborgskaya street, 1)
• National School (1st third of the 20th century) (Kalinina St., 7)
• The house of the abbot of the church or the building of the old hospital (1st third of the 20th century) (Kalinina St., 41)
• Monument to Archeology - parking Melnikovo 1-13, Neolithic

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  Kirche.

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  Church in the name of St. St. Andrew the First-Called on Vuoksa

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  Destroyed in the Soviet period, the Finnish cemetery near the Melnikovsky church

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  "Cottage Mannerheim", pos. Melnikovo

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  The remains of the old bridge over Vuoksa

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  "For the Motherland." Monument to Finnish soldiers in the wars with the USSR 1918-1945

• Arthur Sigberg - Finnish teacher and singer
• Adolf Strang - Finnish Latinist
• Peter Theodor Schvindt is an archaeologist who dedicated his life to excavating the antiquities of Karelia , and in particular the Karelian Isthmus
• Juho Lallucca - Finnish entrepreneur, trade adviser and philanthropist

Balakhanova, Birch, Vyborg, Elizabeth, Spruce Alley, Zarechnaya, Kalinina, Leningradskaya, Lipovaya, Novoselov, River, Sadovaya, Sosnovaya, Silent, School ^[7] .

• Saks A.I. The city of Korela - the center of Ladoga Karelia (according to archaeological data)
• Shitov D.I. Karelsky Isthmus - an unknown land. Part 10. Northeastern sector: Rääisälä (Melnikovo). - St. Petersburg: IPK "Niva", 2006—251 pp.

• The history of some settlements Priozersky district of the Leningrad region
• A. Bravo, G. Gurinsky, S. Kokkonen, A. Pavlov, E. Bravo Kirche in the village of Melnikovo (Raisala)
• D. I. Shitov Kirche of the former Finnish part of the Karelian Isthmus