Stonecrop ordinary

The species is widespread in Eurasia - almost throughout Europe , the Caucasus , Siberia and Mongolia , the Russian Far East , China , the Korean Peninsula , and Japan ^[6] .

In addition, the plant naturalized in many other regions of the planet ^[6] .

Usually found in dry habitats with a sufficient amount of bright sunlight - in dry meadows , among shrubs , forest glades and forest edges in mixed and pine forests, on limestone and granite outcrops, on rocky slopes, along roadsides, on railway embankments, and also as a weed plant in crops in the fields ^{[3] [7]} , as well as in open peatlands ^[5] .

Perennial herbaceous bare plants with a height of 20 to 50-60 cm ^[5] . The rhizome is shortened, with crowded thickened tuber-like (spindle-shaped) lateral roots , usually numerous ^[7] .

The stems are strong, more or less evenly leafy ^[5] , at the base arcuate bent. There may be several, but often there is only one stem. The stems are annuals, in the winter they die to the ground, in the spring they resume from wintering buds on the rhizomes ^[7] .

The leaves are fleshy (but remaining more or less flat), whole, alternating, oblong-elliptical or broadly lanceolate, with a rounded apex, densely located, from 3 to 10 cm long. The lower leaves are slightly different from the middle and upper: their leaf blade at the base is narrowed either wedge-shaped or into the petiole , while the middle and upper leaves are sessile, rounded at the base ^[7] .

Flowers are collected in apical multifloral inflorescences ; unlike some other species of the Stonecrop genus, in this species the inflorescence is not surrounded by upper leaves ^[5] . The flowers are actinomorphic , bisexual, with a double perianth . The calyx consists of five green thickish sepals — lanceolate, spiky, slightly fused at the base, with solid edges ^[7] .

Corolla - of five free petals 1.5–3 times longer than the sepals. The petals are rather thin, pointed, elliptically lanceolate, bent from the middle, forming a “hood” at the apex as a result of a small intergrowth ^[7] . The color of the corolla is dark pink, purple, raspberry. There are ten stamens , with thin stamen filaments, oblong-elliptic purple or yellow anthers; those stamens that are opposite to the petals, at the base merge with them. Gynoecium consists of five free carpels with thin short stylodes (styloid length is less than the length of the ovary ), ending with small stigmas ^[7] .

Fetus is a leaf of red or pink color; individual leaflets - direct, multi-seeded, with a short spout that is slightly bent outward. Seeds are numerous, less than 1 mm long , similar in shape to an ellipse ^[7] .

In the European part of Russia, the plant blooms from June to September ^[5] , bears fruit in August-September ^[3] .

The number of chromosomes : 2n = 22, 24, 36, 48 ^[7] .

It is not used in official medicine . In folk medicine, the roots and the aerial part of the plant are used as an external wound healing remedy, including for the treatment of burns, warts and corns. Water "distilled through the leaves" (that is, infused with raw crushed leaves) was called "living water" and was used to treat chronic ulcers and carbuncles . As a remedy for epilepsy , the juice of the aerial part of the plant was used ^[8] .

In the XIX century and earlier, the plant was also used in pharmaceuticals. The outdated pharmaceutical names for stonecrop are Telephium , Crassula major , Fabaria, and Faba crassa ^[8] .

Cultivated as a decorative flowering plant. Many varieties are bred .

A plant needs bright sun for normal development. Reproduction - by seeds, division of roots, as well as cuttings , which are carried out in spring or in the first half of summer. In open ground, the plant is suitable for cultivation in zones of frost resistance from 6 to 10 ^[9] .

The first valid description of the species was published in Species plantarum (1753) by the prominent Swedish natural scientist Karl Linnaeus . The species was described from Europe ( Habitat in Europisiccissimis ) ^[10] . According to the Linnaeus system, the species belongs to class X ( Decandria , Ten- stamens ), Pentagynia order ^[10] .

Some authors distinguish this species, along with some other related species, to the genus Hylotelephium H. Ohba (1977) - Gravel . In this case, the correct name of the species is considered to be Hylotelephium telephium ( L. ) H. Ohba (1977) ^[6] - Magenta purple ^[7] , while Hylotelephium telephium is a type species of this genus ^[11] . At the same time, in the reputable database The Plant List (2013), the correct name for this species is considered to be Sedum telephium L. ^[12]

Both the genus Hylotelephium and the genus Sedum ( Sedum ) are part of the tribe Sedeae of the subfamily Sedoideae of the family Crassulaceae , but these genera are placed in different subtribes inside the tribe Sedeae . If the correct name of the species in question is Sedum telephium L. , then it is included in the Sedinae subtribe, while Hylotelephium telephium ( L. ) H. Ohba is included in the Umbilicinae subtribe ^[6] .

Synonyms

According to the database of The Plant List (2013), the following names are included in the species synonymy ^[12] :

• Borisova A.G. Genus Stonecrop - Sedum L. // Flora of the USSR : in 30 tons / chap. ed. V.L. Komarov . - M .; L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1939. - T. 9 / ed. volumes S.V. Yuzepchuk . - 540, XIX p. - 5200 copies.
• Sedum Telephium // Botanical Dictionary. A reference book for botanists, farmers, gardeners, foresters, pharmacists, doctors, drogists, travelers to Russia and rural people in general / Compiled by N. Annenkov . - SPb. : Imp. Academy of Sciences, 1878. - S. 324-325. - 645 p.
• Byalt, V.V., Caller - Hylotelephium H. Ohba // Flora of Eastern Europe / Ed. ed. and ed. volumes N. N. Tsvelev . - SPb. : Peace and family; Publishing House of SPKhFA, 2001. - T. X. - S. 266—272. - 670 s. - 700 copies. - ISBN 5-8085-0122-9 .
• Sedum // Botany. Encyclopedia "All plants of the world": Per. from English = Botanica / ed. D. Grigoriev et al. - M .: Könemann, 2006 .-- S. 832-834. - 1020 s. - ISBN 3-8331-1621-8 .
• Mayevsky P.F. Sedum L. - Stonecrop // Flora of the middle strip of the European part of Russia . - 11th corrected and add. ed. - M .: Tov-in scientific publications of KMK, 2014. - S. 123-125. - 635 s. - 2000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-87317-958-9 .
• Novikov V.S., Gubanov I.A. Sort of stonecrop ( Sedum ) // Popular atlas-determinant. Wild plants. - 5th ed., Stereotype. - M .: Bustard, 2008 .-- S. 213-216. - 415 p. - (A popular atlas identifier). - 5,000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-358-05146-1 .