Trumscheit ( German: Trumscheit , ital. Tromba marina ) is an old stringed bowed instrument, essentially a monochord with a resonator. Known in Western Europe from the XV century, it was distributed (in various modifications) until the middle of the XVIII century.
Content
Term
One of the now common terms for this tool - tromba marina (lit. “sea pipe”) - does not have a satisfactory explanation. According to one version, trumshite was used as a signaling tool at sea, however, there is no reliable documentary evidence of this value. According to another version, tromba marina is a distorted spelling of tromba mariana , “the trumpet of the Virgin Mary” (Marian trumpet). In Germany, he was also called the terms Nonnengeige (“violin for nuns”) and Nonnentrompete (“trumpet for nuns”), since nuns have been forbidden to play authentic wind instruments for centuries.
The design and technique of the game.
The size of the Trumsheit is about 2 meters. The instrument is equipped with a single string, a wooden triangular shaped resonator, a short neck without frets. On the trumpet, only harmonics of the natural scale are extracted as flageoles , using the thumb. A vibrant pedestal gives a specific “buzzing” sound (distantly resembling a pipe) to a flageolet. From past eras, more than 180 authentic instruments have been preserved [1] .
Historical essay
One of the first artistic images of Tromschite is in G. Memling 's famous painting “Angelic Angels” (1480s; the second figure on the left). The first technical description of Tromschayt, called “trigonia” (trigonia), as well as “triangular monochord” (triangulum monochordum) was given by Glarean in “Dodekahorda” (1547). He attributed it to the Germans and Gauls living near the Rhine, who allegedly called the instrument the Greek word for "log" (schiza). According to Glareanu, some added one more - a drone - a string, sounding an octave above the melodic string [2] . Glarean also colorfully described the vibrating stand, telling a specific buzzing sound to the Trumhite [3] , and precisely outlined the dimensions of the instrument [4] . Later, Trumshayt was repeatedly discussed in the books of the Baroque era, including the famous treatises of M. Pretorius ’s Syntagma musicum and M. Mersenne 's Harmonie universelle. A special essay dedicated to him the most famous performer on this instrument, Jean-Baptiste Prén (1742). In the middle of the XVIII century, in connection with the rapid spread of uniform temperament, Trumshayt fell out of use.
Notes
- ↑ Adkins C. Trumpet marine // The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians . New York; London 2001.
- Ro ro,, G G G,, R R ole ole ole ole ole instru instru men men men men ma ma ma ser ser ser ser ser in in in in in mod mod mod mod mod mod mod mod ram ram ram ram ram long long long long long ch ch ch ch ch ch ch ch ch ch ch ch ch ch ch , pice illitis, radunt verius quam verberant, pulsatur aut verritur potius. Quidam alteram duplo breviorem huic addunt chordam, ut in finalibus fortius illa altera sonet octavam. Dodec . I, 17, p.49.
- ↑ Stridorem illum excogitarunt magade quadam arcuata
- ↑ Horum triangulorum monochordorum longitudo hodie feast est quine pedum, trium autem asserculorum, singuli latitudo quadrantalis est ac semuncialis a basi, a cono vero sescuncialis (ibid, p.49-50).
Literature
- Garnault P. La trompette marine. Nice, 1926.
- Vogel M. Zur Etymologie von "tromba marina" // IMSCR XI. Copenhagen 1972, pp. 696-701.
- Kullmer E. Mitschwingende Saiten: Musikinstrumente mit Resonanzsaiten. Bonn, 1986.
- Adkins C., Dickinson A. A trumpet of a trumpet marine. 2 vls. Buren, 1991. 612 pp. ISBN 9789060276242 .