Crane, hart

The son of a successful candy manufacturer. Mother (Hart - her maiden name) was a pious supporter of Christian Science , Mary Baker Eddy . Parents quarreled constantly , in 1916 they divorced. Crane did not graduate from school. In the years 1917-1924 he lived between Cleveland and New York , working part-time in various places, including his father’s factory.

Crane suffered from depression associated with his own failures (against the backdrop of his father's successes), as well as in connection with his homosexual inclinations, and later (in the second half of the 1920s) also with an addiction to alcohol .

In 1929, Hart Crane's friend, poet Harry Crosby , who strengthened him in poetry, committed suicide (shot himself with a girlfriend). In 1931, Crane’s father passed away. Under a grant from ^[1] Hart Crane traveled to Mexico in 1931-1932, devising an “Aztec epic poem” (only a few drafts remained).

Doom

Returning from Mexico, the poet threw himself from the deck of the ship into the waters of the Gulf of Mexico , - most ^{[ who? ]} agrees that this was suicide. The body was never found.

He was associated with the poetry of K. Marlowe , British poets-cavaliers ( R. Gerrick and others), gravitated to archaic vocabulary and complicated syntax ( I. Brodsky in “Dialogues with Solomon Volkov” compared the manner of Kerin with Tsvetaevskaya ). He was deeply affected by the early lyrics of Eliot , catching in her a close note of disappointment and despair. At the same time, Eliot’s irony and distancing from modernity were alien to Crane, he sought insights, thought of a new epos, “the mystical synthesis of America”. The poem “The Bridge” (1930, referring to the Brooklyn Bridge ), on which he worked for a long time, was to become an approximation to it.

The book was published in an illustrated edition with photographs of Walker Evans , but due to internal contradictions, it was received more critically by critics than the author expected. His desire for an epic was considered belated and did not receive support.

Crane influenced the early poetry of R. Lowell , highly appreciated by T. Williams . In the characteristic social and cultural atmosphere of the late 1960s, and then throughout the 1970s and 1980s, a new upsurge of interest in the poet from both the public and critics began, as well as a review of previous assessments of his life and work. A significant role in this was played by the monograph of the famous critic, Yale professor Richard Lewis (1967), and then the book of the famous Harold Bloom (1986).

• White Buildings / White Buildings ( 1926 )
• The Bridge / Bridge ( 1930 )

• The Complete Poems and Selected Letters and Prose ( 1966 )
• O My Land, My Friends: The Selected Letters of Hart Crane ( 1997 )
• Complete Poems & Selected Letters ( 2006 )

• Lewis RWB The poetry of Hart Crane; a critical study. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1967 (reprinted 1978)
• Unterecker JE Voyager; a life of Hart Crane. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1969
• Hart Crane: a collection of critical essays / Alan Trachtenberg. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1982
• Bloom H. Hart Crane. New York: Chelsea House, 1986
• Yingling TE Hart Crane and the homosexual text: new thresholds, new anatomies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990
• Nickowitz P. Rhetoric and sexuality: the poetry of Hart Crane, Elizabeth Bishop, and James Merrill. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006
• Tapper GAThe machine that sings: modernism, Hart Crane, and the culture of the body. New York: Routledge, 2006

Publications in Russian

• US Poetry / Comp. A. Zverev (Moscow: Fiction, 1982).
• Hart Crane. Chaplineska. At the tomb of Melville. Brooklyn Bridge (Translation by V. Toporov) // American poetry in Russian translations. XIX — XX centuries In English with a parallel Russian text (M .: Rainbow, 1983), 262-267, 617-621.
• Hart Crane. Poems (Translation from English by Mikhail Eremin . Introduction by V. Muravyov // Foreign Literature , 1989, No. 9, 26-30. Pdf [1] doc [2]
• Hart Crane. Poems (Translation from English by Mikhail Eremin . Introduction by M. Dixon) // Star , 2008, No. 1. [3]
• Translations of V. Toporov [4]
• [5]
• [6]
• [7]

• Biography, fragments of letters, reviews of criticism
• (eng.)
• Alyakrinsky O. 'Crane, [Harold] Hart' // US Writers: Brief Creative Biographies (Moscow: Rainbow, 1990). [8]