The Uzbek National Academic Drama Theater is one of the oldest theaters in Uzbekistan , established in 1914; in 1933, the theater was awarded the honorary title of academic .
Uzbek National Academic Drama Theater | |
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Former names | Uzbek Soviet Drama Troupe. K. Marx Exemplary Regional Drama Troupe Central state exemplary Uzbek troupe (after association with Kokand theater) State Uzbek Drama Theater. Khamzy |
Based | 1914 |
Awards | Academic Theater |
Theater building | |
Location | Uzbekistan , Tashkent , Shayhontohur district, st. Navoi, 34 |
Manual | |
Artistic director | Masudov Fathulla Husanovich |
Chief artist | Turaev Bakhtiyar |
Site | milliyteatr.uz |
Theater History
Beginning (1914 - 1929)
In mid-1913, the first professional theater group was formed on the territory of Uzbekistan, which in early 1914 showed its first national play on the stage, and thus officially began its activities as a theater troupe. Since at the beginning of the 20th century Turkestan was under the authority of Tsarist Russia, the theatrical sphere had to obey the dominant convictions of the empire, especially the registration of such a large cultural institution as the theater, and permission for its activities.
The troupe unofficially showed its first performances in June and July 1913. The head of the Tashkent Enlightenment Munavvar Kary Abdurashidkhanov actively participated in the organizational and propaganda affairs of the creative group. In 1913, on August 8, the troupe presented its first performance “Tomosha kechashi” in the garden of Sheikh Hovand Tahur. At that time there were no national theaters in any city of the Turkestan region. In the weekly Samarkand magazine “Oyina” in circulation since November 14, 1913, the play “Padarkush” was published, which was still not staged, despite permission from the author to be staged.
Since December 1913, preparations for the display of the work “Padarkush” have been conducted in Tashkent. The creation process actively involved modern-type school teachers. Representatives of enlightenment, such as Chunonchi, Abdullah Avloni , Muhammadjon Kary, Nizomiddin Khojaev, Shokirjon Rahimiy, showed their dedication in this matter. Tatar intellectual Mukhamedyarov led the director's work on the play, prepared by Tashkent amateurs. But because of the delayed preparations, the drama production is delayed. At the beginning of 1914 Aliaskar Askarov arrived from Samarkand and took the work of the performance director under his responsibility. In February 1914, the play "Padarkush" is planned to be put on the stage along with the Azerbaijani comedy "Hur-Hur" [1] .
First performance
Finally, on February 27, in one thousand hundred local halls of the Colosseum Theater in the New City of Tashkent, at seven o'clock in the evening, amateurs of the Tashkent Theater officially begin to show their performances. The poster released for this reason indicated that the performance consisted of three parts. In the first part - the performance of Padarkush, based on the play of the same name by Mahmudhoja Behbudi ; in the second, a humorous scene “Khurkhur” by Azerbaijani actors Aliaskar Askarov, Guluzorhonim and Shakhbalov; in the third part, it was said about “Milly Ukish va Zhurlar”, where it was planned to show a concert of eight numbers. The concert was supposed to involve Hafiz Mulla Tuychi, the dancer Kurbanhon, the tour Mulla Ahmadjon, and also had to read the poems of Avloni “Turkiston Faredi” and “Thu.” At the end of the poster , the corners responsible for the evening were specified, Abdulla Khoja, the corners, and the director, Askarali Askarov. On that day, a theatrical production was shown that responded to European criteria and was also based on the traditions of national ideas, which led to the beginning of theatrical art in Turkestan [1] .
Since 1915, the Turon troupe has staged new models of the emerging Uzbek playwrights. For example, “The Unhappy Bridegroom” by A. Kadyri (1915), “The Depressed Woman” by H. Mooin (1916) took their places from the repertoire of the troupe. The company, starting with the first steps, sought to innovate and cooperate, to form as a professional team, to creative growth, to develop the cultural and educational level of the people in difficult conditions, and for this purpose tried to present its bold initiative.
The basis of the group is Turon, the actors of the city of Abdullah. , Musakhon Mirzakhanov, Umarkul Anarkulov, Fusail Zhonboev, Salimhon Tillakhonov, Kudratullah Yunusii, Tulagan Khuzhamyarov, Ubaidulla Kara Ergosiev. Since 1916 they were joined by Sulaimon Khojaev, Mannon Uygur, Gulom Zafari. Some scientific sources indicated that Abdurahmon Akbarov, Yusuf Aliyev, Sadullakhoja Tursunhodjaev, Muso Azizov, Mirmulla Shermuhammedov, Mukhiddin Sharafiddinhodjaev also worked in the troupe. By 1917, until the Revolution, “Turon” was a theater troupe, comprising about thirty permanent actors, directors Nizomiddin Khojaev, Abdullah Avloni, Badriddin Alamov, with a registered charter, with a repertoire of works in the national and general human spirit, with winter and summer scenes in the old. Tashkent city, and full of hope and challenges. It also served as the basis for the formation and development of the culture and traditions of the European theater not only in Tashkent and in Uzbekistan, but also in the countries of Central Asia.
1917, the change of power
The coming to power of the Bolsheviks in 1917 had a negative impact on the development of the theatrical culture of the Uzbek people. Those events forced to dramatically change their course, the recently opened National Uzbek Theater, in a completely different direction. The remaining members of the already disbanded composition of the Turon troupe on the eve of 1917, Nizomiddin Khojaev, Gulam Zafari, Badriddin Alamov, Ghazi Yunus, Shokirjon Rahimi and Kayum Ramazon, headed by Mannon Uygur, decided to resume the Turon theater and continue its progressive and education.
But there were still no works that fully respond to the new demands of the new government; therefore, between March 1918 and September 1919, sixteen plays were to be shown in the Turon Theater, fifteen of which were one-act. Among these works were the musical plays “A Wish”, “A Bad Son”, “A Gracious Journeyman” by the poet and composer G. Zufari [1] .
1920s
In the 1920s, they served as the basis for the formation of a children's Uzbek playwrights and musical drama theater. In 1919, an Uzbek troupe was formed in Tashkent. Karl Marx under the direction of M. Uigur. In March of 1920, after the union with the amateur circle "Tarakki", the Model Regional Drama Troupe was created. The troupe was invited Tatar theatrical figure Kamal I as a director. And E. Bobojonov, M. Koriev, O. Jalilov , S. Olimov, M. Mukhamedov, A. Ardobus (Ibragimov) , Sh. Nazhmiddinov formed the creative basis of the troupe. Before moving to the capital (at that time the city of Samarkand ) in 1925, the troupe set goals: bringing people and the country closer to life, addressing the main concerns of vital issues of society. Released on March 26, 1920, the drama “Poisonous Life” by Hamza , the musical drama “Halima” by G. Zafari played a significant role. And two years later, on June 20, 1924, “ Farhad and Shirin ” by Alisher Navoi (based on Khurshid’s performance) was shown, and on December 15, “ Leyli and Mejnun ” by Fizuli (based on the performance and music of Uziyar Khodzhibekov).
Academic Drama Theater. Khamzy (1929 - 2001)
1930s
In 1929, the troupe moved from Samarkand to Tashkent and was transformed into the Uzbek State Drama Theater. Hamza. In the 30s of the twentieth century, the theater gained considerable success. This period was also characterized by the formation of art schools for actors and directors. The best works of Uzbek playwrights identified the development of Uzbek theatrical art, on the stage - the theme of socialist realism and the principles of nationality. Ideologically and artistically developed performances, a variety of colors and solutions in them, is also associated with the achievements of Uigur and Babadzhanov in directing activities. Some of the best local, Russian, Soviet and Western European plays occupied in the repertoire of the theater: “Bai and Batrac” by Khamza (1939), “ Inspector ” by Gogol (1935, 1952), “Rustam” by Ismailov (1934), “The Mask is Disrupted” by Fathulin ( 1932), “Honor and Love” (1936) by K. Yashen , “ Hamlet ” (1935, 1939, 1940) and “ Othello ” (1941) of Shakespeare and other performances became grandiose achievements of the Uzbek theater. In 1933, the theater was awarded the title of academic, and in 1937 he was awarded the Lenin Order.
1940s-1950s
During the Great Patriotic War (1941 - 1945), patriotic performances “Death to the invaders” by Yashen, “Mother” of Uigun, “Flight of the Eagle” by I. Sultan, reflecting the heroism of the Uzbek people in the past “Mukanna” Alimdzhan and “Jalaliddin Manguberdi” Shaikhzoda were shown together with temporarily arrived Russian and Ukrainian representatives of the theater. The postwar years, the repertoire of the theater was enriched with works of contemporary themes. Developing folk heroic and romantic traditions close to Uzbek art, the theater created performances that deeply revealed the social essence of the characters. In such works as “For those who are at sea” by Lavrenyov, “The Russian Question” by Smolov, “General Rakhimov” by Yashen, magnificent images of participants in the war were created. During these years, performances were presented in various genres, presenting images of a Soviet person building communism: Mukhtarov's Family Honor, Life Song, Navbahor, Hurriyat Uigun, Silk Syuzane Kahhara, Makar Dubrava A. Korneychuk, "Secrets of the Heart" B. Rakhmonov and others. The theme of the struggle of the Eastern peoples against colonial oppression was also included in the repertoire of the theater: “A Tale of Turkey”, “ The Legend of Love ” by N. Hikmet, “The Daughter of the Gang” according to the novel by R. Tagore “Ruin”, “Algeria - my homeland!” Diba [2] . The deeply philosophical humanistic confession of socially and historically generalized images is expressed in the performances “Alisher Navoi” by Uigun and Sultanov (1945–1948), “The Kremlin Chimes” by Pogodin (1947), “The Family” by Popov (1952), “ Guilty without Guilt ” by A. N Ostrovsky, “ Philistines ”, “ Vassa Zheleznova ” by M. Gorky, “The Dawn of the East” by Safarov (1951), “The Inspector-General” by Gogol (1952), “Julius Caesar” by Shakespeare (1958), “Guiding Star” by Yashen (1958), Schiller's Rogues
In the early 50s, young actors Z. Mukhammadzhanov, Y. Abdullaeva, E. Malikbayeva, T. Azizov, Y. Akhmedov, I. Alieva, R. Ibragimova, and others joined the composition of the theater. A. I. Ginzburg (1951–1958, 1960–1965, 1971–1976) and T. Huzhaev (1958–1960, 1966–1971) worked in the role of the chief director.
1960s - 1980s
During this period, the change of generations in the theater intensified. After T. Khodjaev, the activities of the director A. Kobulov, N. Otaboev, B. Yuldashev, R. Khamidov, H. Upponov, H. Kuchkarov, S. Kaprielov, T. Isroilov, L. Faiziyev led the work. T. Azizov, P. Saidkasymov, O. Yunusov, T. Yusupova, R. Ibragimova, O. Norboeva, G. Jamilova, D. Ismoilova, M. Ibragimova, G. Zakirova, T. Tojiev, T. Oripov, T. Karimov, R. Avazov, Y. Akhmedov, E. Komilov, T. Muminov, S. Umarov, Y. Sadiyev, J. Zokirov, M. Abdukunduzov, G. Khodzhiev became active participants in the theater. In the 1960s – 1970s, the theater staged epic heroism, social and psychological drama, comedy, publicistically sharp and satirical, lyrical plays. The best performances of that time of the theater were “People with faith” by Sultanov (1960), “Mirza Ulugbek” Sheikhzade (1961), “Optimistic tragedy” by V. Vishnevsky, “Voice from the grave”, “My dear mother” A. Kakhhara, “Topulek my in a red kerchief ”by Aitmatov (1964), Azimov’s“ Bloody Mirage ”(1964), Morimoto Kaoru’s“ The Stolen Life ”, Shakespeare’s“ King Lear ”, Uigun’s“ Flight ”, M. Gorky’s“ Enemies ”, King Oedipus ”Sophocles (1969),“ Mary Stuart ”by Schiller,“ The Sixth of July ”by Shatrov,“ The Dawn of the Revolution ”by Yashen (1973),“ Do Not Drop the Fire, Prometheus! ”M. Karim,“ The Living Corpse ”by L. Tolstoy,“ P Ed sunset "Gauntmana and others.
In the years of independence
After the proclamation of independence of Uzbekistan there were dramatic changes in the activities of the theater. Now the creative group had the right to freely conduct activities and draw up its repertoire. As a result, the drama Sahibkiran Temur K. Marlo was staged for the first time on the Uzbek scene. Tesha Muminov, Madina Mukhtorova, Said Rametova, Nadir Makhmudova, Uchkun Tillaev and others became leading actors of the theater. The director of the theater was Valijon Umarov (2005) [3] . On September 21, 2001, the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan was issued on granting the status of the National Theater to the Uzbek Academic Drama Theater named after Khamza and calling it the Uzbek National Academic Drama Theater [4] .
In January 2014, the president signed a decree “On celebrating the 100th anniversary of the Uzbek National Academic Drama Theater” [5] and on November 28, 2014, the theater celebrated its 100th anniversary. The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov congratulated and awarded the workers of the theater with ranks, medals and orders [6] . In accordance with the decree, the theater actor Asadillo Nabiyeva was awarded the title “Honored Artist of the Republic of Uzbekistan”, actress Tuti Yusupova was awarded the Order “Fidokorona Hizmatlari Uchun”, actors Dildorhan Ikramova and Fathulla Masudov - the order “Mehnat Shukhrati”. Theater actor Abduraim Abduvakhabov and artists Babaniyaz Kurbanov and Svetlana Tsoi were awarded the Dustlik Order, actor Mirolim Kilichov and the head of the theater lighting department Mahmujon Aripdzhanov - the Shukhrat medal [7] .
Building Description
In 2001, the theater building was reconstructed. After the repair, the theater completely changed its appearance, equipped with new technology.
The ceiling of the auditorium is made with a hanging dome, where clouds are depicted floating in the blue sky, and chandeliers resembling flower petals are hung around the dome. The building on both sides was extended to 7.8 meters. On the first floor there is a lobby, on the right side of the second floor there is a “Macom” music salon, and on the left is a guide. On the third floor is the theater museum. In the basement of the building is a sports hall, a small hall and a wardrobe. In the front in the length of the stylobate there is a bar and two cash registers. In the auditorium of the theater there are 540 seats. In the theater, performances are held in Uzbek. For viewers who do not speak Uzbek, interesting musical and plastic performances are offered.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 MILLION THEATRNING TASHKIL TOPRY VA SHAKLLANISHI (1914–1929 YILLAR)
- ↑ director of the theater Ginzburg
- ↑ O'ZBEKISTON MILLIY ENSIKLOPEDIYASI
- ↑ DECREE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
- ↑ THE TEAM OF UZBEK NATIONAL ACADEMIC DRAMA THEATER
- ↑ The 100th anniversary of the National Drama Theater was celebrated in Tashkent
- ↑ President awarded workers of the National Drama Theater
Links
- Uzbek Soviet Encyclopedia Volume 14, Hamza Theaters (Uzbek Council of Encyclopedia (1976))
- State Order of Lenin Academic Uzbek Drama Theater. Khamzy 1957
- Rakhmonov M., Khamza Hakimzade Niyazi and the Uzbek Soviet Theater, 1959
- Uvarova G., Uzbek Drama Theater, 1959
- Uzbek Soviet Theater, 1966
- The history of the Soviet dramatic theater, in 6 volumes, 1966-1971 (section Uzbek Theater)