Ramsay, Murat

Murat Ramzi, born in the Bailar volost ^[1] , was born on October 10, 1854 (according to other data, on December 25, 1855) ^[2] in the village of Almetmullino of the Baylar volost of Menzelinsky district of the Orenburg province (now the village of Almetyevo of the Sarmanovsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan ).

The boy grew curious. At nine years old, he knew Arabic grammar well, at eleven he began to study Kalam. Uncle Murat, realizing that the boy needed to continue his education, recommended that his parents send the boy to study in Kazan , in the Shigabutdin Mardzhani madrasah, to which he sent letters of recommendation.

Parents were not objected and sent his son to study further. Thus, in 1869, after graduating from the rural madrasa of Muhammad-Murad, he went to Kazan to study at the madrasa of Sheikh Shigabutdin Mardani. However, here he did not stay long and after a year and a half he moved to study in the city of Troitsk, Chelyabinsk province.

He studied further in the madrasa of the third city mosque in the city of Troitsk. During my studies I showed interest in Sufi knowledge. In 1872 he left Troitsk. About a year and a half M. Ramzi worked as a teacher for the Kazakhs in their villages, he was in Tashkent, in 1874 he left for Tashkent in Bukhara. A year later, dissatisfied with the level of teaching, and also getting sick, he returned to the Kazakh uluses. For three months he was engaged in teaching again. In 1875, Murad Ramzi returned to Tashkent , where he decided to travel to Turkey, Egypt and Hejaz. Having joined the caravan with his countrymen, Murad passed through Samarkand , Kerki (Turkmenistan) and Mazar-i-Sharif, Kabul, from there through Jalalabad , Peshawar and Hyderabad arrived in Bombay . There, the pilgrims lingered for 3 months, then they arrived in Jeddah by steamboat at the beginning of 1876.

In Saudi Arabia, Ramzi was delayed to continue his education. He attended classes at the Amin-Agha, Al-Shifa, and Al-Mahmudiya Madrasa. In the city of Mecca joined the Naqshbandiyya brotherhood. He lived in Medina for four years. Without wasting any time, he continued to study Arabic, studied Hadith, tafsir, Akud, Fiqh, Tasavvuf, and memorized the entire Quran. In Medina, Ramsay became a follower of the Nakshband branch of Sufism, and subsequently sheikh. In this area, he has achieved great success. When his mentor died, according to the will of Muhammad-Murad, his students chose Ramzi “caliph” (“deputy”) of their teacher. For 36 years spent in Arabia, he translated theological literature into Arabic.

In the spring of 1894, Ramzi arrived in the city of Bukhara. Traveling, he spent several years compiling his famous historical work “Talfic al-Akhbar”, visited Russia several times to collect materials necessary for its completion.

In 1895, Ramsay married Asma Jadid. There were 9 children in the marriage. In 1914, he came with his family to Russia. His wife, Asma-Khanum, with children went to her homeland in Tetyushi (now Tetyushsky district of Tatarstan), and Murad Ramzi and her eldest son went to Turkestan. At this time, the First World War. Since Murad Bey was a Turkish citizen, and Turkey was on the side of the Central Powers, all Turks automatically turned into non-grata persons and had to leave the country immediately. M. Ramzi had to hide under an assumed name. Still, Ramsay falls into the hands of the police. His stage in the prison train is taken to Ufa, then to be shipped to Siberia. M. Ramsay's friends are bothering about his release and they manage to get Ramsay permission to go to the family in the Orenburg province to live there under police surveillance until the end of the war.

After the February Revolution of 1917, in July 1917, Murad Ramzi participated as a delegate to the All-Russian Congress of the Muslim Clergy, which was held in Kazan. In the spring of 1919, he arrived in Ufa, and from there, through Semipalatinsk, to the city of Chuguchak , to the territory of Xinjiang (China). The city of Chuguchak (now Tacheng, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of the PRC ) was at that time one of the centers of Islamic culture in East Turkestan. Local Muslims invited him to the position of Imam and mudarris. They raised funds and bought a house for him where Murad Ramsay came to Chuguchak. There he lived until his death in April 1934.

The area of ​​interest of Sheikh Ramzi is the history of Russian Turks and Islam in the Volga region, in the Urals and in Western Siberia. During his life, Murad Ramzi wrote and published about 15 scientific papers, as well as many articles and poetic works.

He wrote works on various theological issues, books on Arabic grammar, commentaries on the Koran, a Turkic translation of the Koran. In his views, he was a consistent cadimist. He criticized such reformers as Musa Bigiyev and his other supporters. He devoted a lot of space to criticism in his book “Mushai'a Hizbu-r-rahman va Mudafa'a Hizbu-sh-shaitan” (“On the followers of the al-Rahman party and defenders of the shaitan party”. Orenburg, 1912).

The most famous Ramzi brought the two-volume historical work "Tulfik al-akhbar va talny al-asar fi vakai Kazan Kazan Bulgar va mulyuk at-Tatars" ("Collecting information from past events of Kazan, Bulgar and Tatar kings". Orenburg, 1908),

M. Ramzi began compiling his book “Talfiq al-Akhbar” in 1892 and graduated in 1907. In 1908, with the financial support of Sheikh Zaynulla Rasulev Al-Sharifi, a prominent Bashkir Sufi and rector of the Muslim Rasuliyya Madrasa in the city of Troitsk, The book was published in Orenburg. The book "Talfiq al-Akhbar" is dedicated to the history of the Turks who lived in Tsarist Russia, and Islam. A separate section of the book is devoted to the description of the biographies of prominent Sufi sheikhs of the Volga region, the Urals and the North Caucasus and the spiritual instructors of the Murshids.

Ramzi used various pseudonyms in his work: he called himself Muhammad-Murad Ramzi, sometimes Sheikh Muhammad-Murad or Sheikh Mohammed-Murad al-Kazan, al-Menzenelevi, al-Bulgari, al-Macki, sometimes Muhammad Murad, Murad or Al-Bulgari, al-Macki, sometimes Muhammad Murad, Murad or Al-Bulgari, al-Macki, sometimes Muhammad Murad, Murad or Al-Bulgari, al-Macki, sometimes Muhammad Murad, Murad or Al-Bulgari, al-Macki, sometimes Muhammad Murad, Murad or Al-Bulgari, al-Macki, sometimes Mukhammad Murad, Murad, or Al-Bulgari, al-Macki, sometimes Mukhammad Murad, Murad or Al-Bulgari, al-Macki, sometimes Murad, Al-W. , in his childhood years he was called Merdanshah, and in his works he used the names: Tugi, Andelib, Abu al-Hassan, Akmal or M.M.R. ".

• Tolfik әl-әхбәр вә әлки л-асаар ф әкаиг, Kazan в ә Бгаргар әлк әт-татар. ("Collection of information from past events of Kazan, Bulgar and Tatar kings". Orenburg, 1908.). (ar.)
• Nafakis as-salihat fi tazyil al-bakiyat as-salikhat // Shu'ayb b. Idris al-Bagini. Tabakat al-Khvadzhakan al-Naqshbandiya you adat al-mashah them al-Khalidiyah al-Mahmudiya. - Damascus: Dar-an-nuʻman al-ʻUlum, 1999. - 256-347. (ar.)
• Tolfik әl-әхбәр вә ә кихlkikh әl-asar fi vигkaig, Kazan vә Bulgari vәmөүk әt-Tatars. - Beirut, 2002. (are.)

• Nasyrov I.R. Views of Murad Ramzi on the issues of reforming and modernizing Islam / The Arab Studies Yearbook. - M .: RUDN, 2012. - P. 27—34. (Rus.)
• Nasyrov I.R. The Spiritual Father of the Nation // Vatandash. - 1998. - № 9 . - pp . 119-122 . - ISSN 1683-3554 . (Rus.)
• Nasyrov I.R. Murat Ramzi and his views on Jadidism // Religious aspects of globalization: the factor of Islam. Prince 3: Abstracts of the reports of the V All-Russian Congress of Orientalists on September 26-27, 2006 - Ufa: Willi Oxler, 2006. (Russian)
• Temir A. Doğumunun 130. ve Ölümünün 50. Yılı Dolayısıyla Kazanlı Tarihçi Murad Remzi (1854–1934). - Belleten Türk Tarih Kurumu. - Cilt 5O. - Sayı 197. - Ankara, 1986. - S.495-505. (tour.)
• Zaki Validi Togan. Memoirs: Book I - Ufa: Kitap Bashkir Publishing House, 1994. - B. 57-61. - 400 b. - ISBN 5-295-01269-7 .
• Yamaeva L. А. Sufi brotherhoods in the territory of historical Bashkortostan // Vatandash . - 2008. - № 7. - p. 162-181. - ISSN 1683-3554
• The magazine "Minaret" № 3 (03) 2004.
• Tatar Encyclopedic Dictionary. - Kazan: Institute of the Tatar Encyclopedia of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, 1998–703 p.

• Murad Ramzi - Tatar theologian, scholar, translator of the Quran
• http://www.kazan-kremlin.ru/archive/news/id/2404
• "Deputy" Teacher (the life of Murad Ramsay)
• Murad Ramsay and Arminius Vambery
• Bashkir Encyclopedia of Art. Murat Ramsay
• Tatar Encyclopedia. Art. Murat Ramsay
• Murad Ramsay. Tulfic al-Akhbar. T.1
• History of Bashkir Births: Bailar
• Murad Ramzi pedigree materials