Wrestling ( English Freestyle wrestling , fr. Lutte libre ) - a sport consisting in the martial arts of two athletes according to certain rules; using various techniques (captures, throws, upheavals, sweeps, etc.), in which each of the opponents tries to put the other on the shoulder blades and win. In freestyle wrestling, unlike Greco-Roman , grabs of the opponent’s legs, sweeping and active use of the legs are allowed when performing any technique.
Content
- 1 History
- 2 Specific training
- 3 USSR and Russia
- 4 Most titled freestyle wrestlers
- 5 Freestyle wrestling in art
- 6 See also
- 7 notes
- 8 References
History
From historical sources it is known that in the old days in the British Empire there was a struggle in which wrestlers were allowed to grab by the legs and tricks with the actions of the legs [1] .
In the international sports arena, freestyle wrestling appeared later than the Greco-Roman (French) wrestling. The ancestral home of freestyle wrestling is Lancashire . Then she appeared in the USA . The fight was called ketch .
In the USA, freestyle wrestling began to develop in two directions: wrestling itself and professional wrestling. Free-style wrestling was cultivated mainly in colleges and universities in the USA (in Russia it was called "free-american amateur wrestling", "student wrestling", "folk style"). The rules of international freestyle wrestling are similar to this type of wrestling.
In 1904, freestyle wrestling was first included in the program of the Summer Olympic Games in St. Louis ( USA ). All 42 athletes were from the United States. This was due to the fact that the United States, using its right of owners, included ketch wrestling (student, amateur). The Olympic Committee agreed and called the free style struggle. But, Europeans were not familiar with this type of struggle and therefore none of them dared to take part. Therefore, the Olympic freestyle wrestling tournament was in jeopardy and then the Americans timed their national championship to the Olympics and organized it as an Olympic competition.
At the next Extraordinary Olympic Games in 1906, the Greeks preferred Greco-Roman wrestling to (classical) wrestling, removing freestyle from the program, since it was unfamiliar to them.
In the future, freestyle wrestling was constantly (with the exception of the games of 1912 in Stockholm ) included in the program of the Summer Olympic Games .
In total, from 1904 to 1996, Americans won 99 Olympic medals at the Olympics - more than any other country at that time. Moreover, in 1904 a "record" was set, which will never be broken, since the wrestlers were only from the USA - only them got Olympic medals of all virtues.
In 1912, before the start of the Summer Olympic Games in Stockholm, the FILA International Union of Fighters ( German Internationaler Ring Verband ) was first created. Officially, the first (not counting the meeting in Sweden) Union Congress convened in June 1913 in Berlin . The delegates of the following countries attended: the German Empire , the Grand Duchy of Finland , Denmark , Sweden , the Russian Empire , Hungary , Austria , Bohemia (Czech Republic) , and Great Britain [2] .
In the period from 1904 to 1912, the number of athletes declared in the same weight category from one country was not limited. From 1920 to 1924 no more than two athletes from one country were allowed to enter in one weight category.
In 1920, during the Summer Olympic Games in Antwerp, the International Olympic Committee recommended the creation of an independent federation for each sport. And the following year, the International Amateur Wrestling Federation (IAWF) was formed at the IOC Olympic Congress in Lausanne .
In 1928, the first European Championship was held in Paris [1] . And since 1928, in the weight category, only one participant can represent the country. The Olympic tournament is held according to the elimination system.
In 1951, the International Federation of United Wrestling Styles ( FILA , Fr. FILA ) was created. From the same year she holds world championships ( world wrestling championships ).
By the 1980s, women's freestyle wrestling was recognized in the world and, as a result, in 2004 it was included in the program of the Summer Olympic Games , becoming the third women's Olympic martial art (after judo and taekwondo). The debut of a new women's sport took place at the 2004 Olympics in Athens [3] .
Training Specifics
Freestyle wrestling is a tandem of flexibility and strength. Due to the specifics of the struggle, a special place in training is given to the development of the “bridge”, the position of the athlete in which only the hands, forehead, sometimes the chin, and the heel touch the carpet, and the back is curved by an arc. To develop flexibility, learning to use a certain set of acrobatic exercises is used: somersaults, a wheel, a flask , rondat , a back and forth somersault , an arabic somersault , a stand and walking on hands, a lifting from the back by a deflection. Without strong and elastic joints, blood vessels and the lymphatic system, the wrestler has no chance of winning, so the fall and self-insurance technique is carefully worked out. The respiratory system and overall endurance are developed through long-distance running and outdoor games, basketball according to the rules of rugby is especially popular. Technical activities are practiced on a mannequin (doll, scarecrow), and then in working with a partner. In training fights, the technique is honed and special endurance develops. Stamina plays a big role.
Strength is developed on projectiles (horizontal bar, parallel bars), as well as work with weights (recommended are squats, deadlifts, bench presses, lying / standing, exercises from powerlifting / bodybuilding / weightlifting), without weights (push-ups from the floor), work with a harness . It is recommended to engage in a tourniquet near the gymnastic wall , work out the twists: thigh.
USSR and Russia
For the first time, Russian freestyle wrestlers took part in the Olympic Games in 1952 as part of the USSR national team. The team of USSR freestyle wrestlers won first place at these Games, and the Georgians Arsen Mekokishvili and David Tsimakuridze became Olympic champions. In total, from 1952 to 2008, the USSR / Russia freestyle wrestlers won at the Olympic competitions (gold - silver - bronze):
- 1952 - 2 + 1 + 0 (8 categories)
- 1956 - 1 + 1 + 4 (8 categories)
- 1960 - 0 + 2 + 3 (8 categories)
- 1964 - 2 + 1 + 2 (8 categories)
- 1968 - 2 + 1 + 0 (8 categories)
- 1972 - 5 + 2 + 1 (10 categories)
- 1976 - 5 + 3 + 0 (10 categories)
- 1980 - 7 + 1 + 1 (10 categories)
- 1984 - did not participate
- 1988 - 4 + 3 + 2 (10 categories)
- 1992 - 3 + 2 + 2 (10 categories)
- 1996 - 3 + 1 + 0 (10 categories)
- 2000 - 4 + 1 + 0 (8 categories)
- 2004 - 3 + 0 + 2 (7 categories)
- 2008 - 4 + 0 + 2 (7 categories)
- 2012 - 1 + 1 + 2 (7 categories)
- 2016 - 2 + 1 + 0 (6 categories)
Most titled freestyle wrestlers
Four-time Olympic champions:
- Kaori Ityo - 10-time world champion
Three-time Olympic champions:
- Saori Yoshida - 13-time world champion
- Alexander Medved - 7-time world champion
- Buvaysar Saitiev - 6-time world champion
Two-time Olympic champions:
- Sergey Beloglazov - 6-time world champion
- Arsen Fadzaev - 6-time world champion
- Maharbek Khadartsev - 5-time world champion
- Levan Tediashvili - 4-time world champion
- Soslan Andiev - 4-time world champion
- John Smith - 4x World Champion
- Mustafa Dagystanly - 3-time world champion
- Bruce Baumgartner - 3-time world champion
- Ivan Yarygin - world champion
- Mavlet Batirov - world champion
- George Menert
- Kustaa Pihlaamyaki
- Johan Richthoff
- Yojiro Uetake
- Kim Il Young
Other prominent wrestlers:
- Hitomi Obara (Sakamoto) - Olympic champion, 8-time world champion
- Valentin Yordanov - Olympic champion, 7-time world champion
- Abdullah Movahed - Olympic champion, 5-time world champion
- Leri Khabelov - Olympic champion, 5-time world champion
- Khadzhimurat Gatsalov - Olympic champion, 5-time world champion
- Alexander Ivanitsky - Olympic champion, 4-time world champion
- Yuji Takada - Olympic champion, 4-time world champion
- Vladimir Yumin - Olympic champion, 4-time world champion
- Jordan Barrows - Olympic champion, 4-time world champion
- Kristin Nordhagen - 6-time world champion
- Yayoi Urango - 6-time world champion
- Ali Aliyev - 5-time world champion
Free-style wrestling in art
Cinema
1. The film "The Mazandaran Tiger" (Pers. "ببرِ مازندران"), Iran, 1968. The story of a village guy who had extraordinary strength and became a fighter. Starring Imam Ali Habibi .
2. The film "Legendary" (original. Name "Legendary"), USA, 2010
3. The film "Hamill / Hammer" (original name. "Hamill / The Hammer"), USA, 2010. The film is based on real events and tells about the amazing fate of the deaf athlete Matt Hamill.
4. The film “Born on the Fourth of July” (original name “Born on the Fourth of July”), USA, 1989. The protagonist Ron Kovik is engaged in freestyle wrestling in his youth.
5. Foxcatcher is an American biopic directed by Bennett Miller, starring Channing Tatum . The film premiered at the Cannes Film Festival on May 19, 2014, where Miller received a prize for best directing.
6. The film "Dangal", India, 2016 (Dangal) is a film based on real events about the upbringing of a father, a former wrestler and who dreamed of raising a champion son, an outstanding Indian freestyle wrestling athlete.
See also
- List of Olympic Wrestling Champions
- Weight categories in the fight