Ombudsman

Ombudsman (from the Old Norse umboð “authority”, “commission”) is a civil or in some states official who is entrusted with the functions of monitoring the observance of justice and the interests of certain civil groups in the activities of executive bodies and officials. Official job titles vary from country to country.

For the first time, the post of parliamentary ombudsman was established by the Riksdag of Sweden in 1809 in accordance with the Constitution adopted this year ( Form of Government ).

For a long time, the idea of creating an ombudsman position was not accepted in other legal systems than Swedish. However, over time, the post of Ombudsman was introduced on the Swedish model in other countries of Northern Europe - in 1919 in Finland , in 1952 in Norway , and a year later in Denmark . The first non-European state to introduce the post of Ombudsman was New Zealand in 1962, the first socialist state was Poland (1987 ^[1] ). Currently, in 100 countries around the world, ombudsmen are holding their posts.

Ombudsmen

Abkhazia

Commissioner for Human Rights.

2016 - 2017 Dmitry Marshan.
2018 - p.t. Asida Shakryl.

Australia

Currently - Professor John Macmillan.

Azerbaijan

July 2, 2002 - present - Elmira Suleymanova , Commissioner for Human Rights, elected by Parliament.

Albania

February 16, 2000 - present - Emir Dobyani ( Alb. Emir Dobjani ), Public Defender ( Alb. Avokati i Popullit ), re-elected February 17, 2005 .

Armenia

February 19, 2004 - 2006 - Larisa Alaverdyan , a human rights defender, was appointed by presidential decree.
February 20, 2006 - 2011 - Armen Harutyunyan .
2011 - 2016 - Karen Andreasyan
Since February 2016 - Arman Tatoyan, elected by the Parliament for a term of 6 years. ^[2]

Bulgaria

from 2015 - May Manolova

Gabon

since 2014 - Lor Olga Gongju

Georgia

September 16, 2004 - 2009 - Sozar Subari , Public Defender of Georgia, approved by the country's parliament .
Since 2008 - George Tugushi.
Since December 7, 2012 - Ucha Nanuashvili.

Kazakhstan

2002 - 2007 - Bolat Kenzhekeshevich Baikadamov.
Since 2007 - Shakirov Askar Orazalievich.

Kyrgyzstan

2002-2008 - Tursunbai Bakir, the first Ombudsman ( Kyrgyz. Akyikatchy ).
2008−2013 - Tursunbek Akun.
2013—2015 - Amanbaev Baktybek Abdilashimovich
2015—2018 - Kubat Tabildievich, Otorbaev
2018-present - Mamytov Tokon Bolotbekovich

Latvia

2007 - 2011 - Romance Apsitis .
Since 2011 - Juris Jansons

The Ombudsman ( Latvian. Tiesībsargs , literally “law enforcement”) is appointed by the Sejm for five years (initially for four). From 1995 to the beginning of 2007, the State Bureau for Human Rights operated ^[3] .

Republic of Moldova

The Ombudsman (Parliamentary Advocate) in Moldova is appointed by order of the Parliament of Moldova on the basis of Article 4, parts 1 and 2 of Article 5, part) of Article 6 and paragraphs d) and e) of Part 1 of Article 9 of the Law on Parliamentary Advocates No. 1349-XIII of October 17, 1997 years .

Since 2008, the duties of the Ombudsmen in the Republic of Moldova have been fulfilled:

Aurelia Grigoriu ;
Tudor Lazar;
Anatoly Munteanu;
Tamara Plamedyale.

Poland

Ombudsman of Poland (Commissioner for Civil Rights in Poland). Positions held:

Eva Lentovskaya (November 19, 1987 - February 12, 1992)
Tadeusz Zieliński (February 13, 1992 - May 7, 1996)
Adam Zelinsky (May 8, 1996 - June 29, 2000)
Andrzej Zoll (June 30, 2000 - January 27, 2006)
Yanush Kokhanovsky (January 27, 2006 - April 10, 2010, died in a plane crash near Smolensk )
Irena Lipovich (July 21, 2010 - July 2015)
Adam Bodnar (since September 9, 2015)

Russian Federation

The Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation is appointed by the State Duma :

1994 - 1995 - Sergey Adamovich Kovalev , the first Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation.
1998 - 2004 - Mironov Oleg Orestovich .
Since February 13, 2004 - Lukin Vladimir Petrovich .
Since March 18, 2014 - Ella Alexandrovna Pamfilova .
Since April 22, 2016 ^[4] - Tatyana Nikolaevna Moskalkova .

On September 1, 2009, the position of the Presidential Commissioner for the Rights of the Child was established :

September 1, 2009 - December 29, 2009 - Alexey Golovan .
From December 30, 2009 - September 9, 2016 - Pavel Alekseevich Astakhov ^[5] .
From September 9, 2016 - Anna Yuryevna Kuznetsova .

The Commissioner for the Protection of the Rights of Entrepreneurs in Russia :

from June 21, 2012 - Boris Yuryevich Titov ^[6] .

Student Rights Commissioner in Russia :

December 24 - 27, 2012 Internet voting ^[7] on the site http://vote.stud-forum.ru for the post of Commissioner for Student Rights under the Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation ^[8] :
From January 24, 2013 - Artyom Mikhailovich Khromov .

Uzbekistan

1995—2015 - Rashidova Sayera Sharafovna
2015-present - Muhammadiev Ulugbek Nasriddinovich (as the authorized oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan for human rights)

Ukraine

Human Rights Commissioner of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine

1998 - 2012 - Karpacheva, Nina Ivanovna .
Since April 2012 - Lutkovskaya, Valeria Vladimirovna ^[9] .
March 15, 2018 - Denisova Lyudmila Leontyevna

Plenipotentiary of the President of Ukraine for the Rights of the Child

On August 11, 2011, Ukraine introduced the position of the Authorized President of Ukraine for the Rights of the Child ^[10] .

From August 11, 2011 to February 24, 2014 - Pavlenko, Yuri Alekseevich
Since December 18, 2014 - Kuleba, Nikolai Mikhailovich (acting since February 24)

Business Ombudsman, since December 2014 - Algirdas Shemeta

Tajikistan

Since 2008 - Zarif Alizoda. First Commissioner for Human Rights in the Republic of Tajikistan. At the time of the election, he headed the post of chairman of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Tajikistan.

Finland

Since 2010 - Petri Jaaskeläinen.

On the rights of the child

Maria Aula (2005-2014)
Tuomas Kurttila (since 2014)

Estonia

The post of Ombudsman for the Rights of the Child in Estonia was established on March 19, 2011 and at the national level was assigned to the Chancellor of Justice , whose post has been lawyer and lawyer Indrek Teder ( Est. Indrek Teder ) since March 2008 ^[11] . In 2012, the post of municipal ombudsman was also established in the capital of Estonia, Tallinn . Since June 1, 2012, she has been occupied by Jüri Kaljuvee. The opposition at the Tallinn City Assembly criticized this decision because the post of the municipal ombudsman “is not needed and will suck money from the pockets of taxpayers” ^[12] .

Other states

Transdniestrian Moldavian Republic - V. Kalko (from 2006 to 2017), V. Kosinsky (from 2017).
South Ossetia - I. Tasoev (since 2012).

Notes

↑ Lentovska E. How did the work of the human rights ombudsman begin ? Vol. 1 Archived copy of April 29, 2009 on the Wayback Machine , vol. 2 Archival copy of April 29, 2009 on the Wayback Machine M .: Human Rights Project Team, 1997-1998
↑ Studio One. Biography (neopr.) . Human Rights Defender of the Republic of Armenia. Date of treatment June 8, 2019.
↑ Latvian Ombudsman
↑ Wall (neopr.) . vk.com. Date of treatment April 22, 2016.
↑ Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated December 30, 2009 No. 1518 “On the Commissioner for the Rights of the Child under the President of the Russian Federation” Archived on June 5, 2012.
↑ Vladimir Putin appointed Boris Titov as the Commissioner for the Protection of Entrepreneurs' Rights under the President of the Russian Federation by his Decree.
↑ Russia elects student ombudsman.
↑ Ombudsman will defend students' right to quality education
↑ Lutkovskaya in the blocked Rada under the cries of "Ganba!" Became an ombudsman (inaccessible link) // intv.ua
↑ Regulation on the Commissioner of the President of Ukraine for the Rights of the Child (Neopr.) (Unavailable link) . Date of treatment September 3, 2012. Archived October 16, 2012.
↑ Who is the Ombudsman for the Rights of the Child? Personal site of Indrek Teder (Russian)
↑ Reform Party: Ombudsman in the capital is just a way to drain money

Links

[1] Lentovska E. How did the work of the human rights ombudsman begin ? Vol. 1 Archived copy of April 29, 2009 on the Wayback Machine , vol. 2 Archival copy of April 29, 2009 on the Wayback Machine M .: Human Rights Project Team, 1997-1998

[2] Studio One. Biography (neopr.) . Human Rights Defender of the Republic of Armenia. Date of treatment June 8, 2019.

[3] Latvian Ombudsman

[4] Wall (neopr.) . vk.com. Date of treatment April 22, 2016.

[5] Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated December 30, 2009 No. 1518 “On the Commissioner for the Rights of the Child under the President of the Russian Federation” Archived on June 5, 2012.

[6] Vladimir Putin appointed Boris Titov as the Commissioner for the Protection of Entrepreneurs' Rights under the President of the Russian Federation by his Decree.

[7] Russia elects student ombudsman.

[8] Ombudsman will defend students' right to quality education

[9] Lutkovskaya in the blocked Rada under the cries of "Ganba!" Became an ombudsman (inaccessible link) // intv.ua

[10] Regulation on the Commissioner of the President of Ukraine for the Rights of the Child (Neopr.) (Unavailable link) . Date of treatment September 3, 2012. Archived October 16, 2012.

[11] Who is the Ombudsman for the Rights of the Child? Personal site of Indrek Teder (Russian)

[12] Reform Party: Ombudsman in the capital is just a way to drain money