Kaisyan Shuvayevich Kuliyev ( karach.-bulk. Kuliilany Shuўany and Jashi Kaysyn ; 1917 - 1985 ) - Soviet Balkarian poet and novelist, journalist, war correspondent. People's poet of the CBA ( 1967 ). Winner of the Lenin Prize ( 1990 - posthumously ), the USSR State Prize ( 1974 ) and the RSFSR Gorky Prize ( 1967 ). Member of the CPSU (b) since 1944 . Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR 5, 9, 10 and 11 convocations.
Kaisyn Shuvaevich Kuliev | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Karach.-Bulk. Quliilans Shuўans jashi Qaisyn | |||||||||||||
Date of Birth | October 19 ( November 1 ) 1917 | ||||||||||||
Place of Birth | Aul Upper Chegem , Terek region , the Russian Republic | ||||||||||||
Date of death | June 4, 1985 (67 years old) | ||||||||||||
Place of death | Chegem , KBA , RSFSR , USSR | ||||||||||||
Citizenship | the USSR | ||||||||||||
Occupation | poet , novelist , journalist, war correspondent | ||||||||||||
Language of Works | Karachay-Balkar | ||||||||||||
Debut | the book of poems "Hello, morning!" (1940) | ||||||||||||
Awards | |||||||||||||
Awards | |||||||||||||
Autograph | |||||||||||||
Content
Biography
Kaisyn Guliyev was born on October 19 ( November 1 ), 1917 and grew up in a high-mountainous old Balkar aul, Verkhniy Chegem ( El-Tyubyu ), Kabardino-Balkaria, in the family of his father, a cattleman and hunter who died when Kaisyn was still a child. [1] . In 1926 he entered the school in Nizhny Chegem . After graduation, he studied at the Pedagogical Technical School (now KBSU ) in Nalchik , filling thick notebooks with his poems. The first poetic experiments of Kuliev refer to the years of apprenticeship, the first publications - by 1933 . [2]
From 1935 to 1939, Kaysyn Kuliyev studied at the GITIS named after A. Lunacharsky and the Literary Institute named after A. M. Gorky in Moscow [3] . Paying tribute to GITIS, to which he is obliged by an excellent education, Kaisyn Kuliev nevertheless considers his true vocation to be literature. Having completed his studies in Moscow, he taught literature at the Kabardino-Balkarian State Pedagogical Institute (KBGPI, now KBGU) [4] .
In 1938, Kaysyn Kuliev was accepted into the USSR SP . In 1940, the first book of lyrics in the native language “Salam, erttenlik!” (“Hello, morning!”) Is published in Nalchik. In 1939, at a conference of the Writers' Union of Kabardino-Balkaria, he gave his scientific report on the problems of the development of Balkarian literature.
In June 1940, the poet went into the army. Great Patriotic War finds him in the Baltic States. From the middle of 1942, the poems of Kaisyn Kuliyev were published in the central print media in Russian translations, heard on the All-Union Radio .
In November 1942, after being injured, Kuliev, at the invitation of A. A. Fadeev, arrived in Moscow, where a creative evening was organized, attended by B. L. Pasternak , K. M. Simonov , N. N. Aseev , V. K. Zvyagintseva , D. B. Kedrin and others. [five]
In 1943, a collection of poems by Kaisyn Kuliev was nominated for the Stalin Prize , but due to the deportation of Balkarians in 1944 he was not given this prize [6] .
With the battles, Kaisyn Guliyev passed by the front roads, was wounded. He was a paratrooper, a war correspondent for the newspaper Son of the Fatherland, where his combat correspondence and poems were printed, which brought him wide recognition. He took part in the battles for the liberation of Moscow, Orel , Rostov , Ukraine , Crimea , the Baltic States .
In March 1944, Kaysyn Kuliev learns about the deportation of the Balkarian people to Central Asia . In April 1944, after being discharged from the hospital after being wounded and after visiting his native Chegem gorge, he decided to go to the place of exile for the Balkarians. More than ten years he lived in Kyrgyzstan , participating in the literary life of the republic, but without the right to publish his own works [3] .
In 1956, Kaysyn Kuliev returned to Kabardino-Balkaria. He graduated from the Higher Literary Courses in Moscow. Collections of poems appear in the Russian and Balkar languages : “Mountains” ( 1957 ), “Bread and Rose” (1957), “I Came from the Mountains” ( 1959 ) and others. [7]
At various times, Kaysyn Kuliev held the following positions: he was a member of the Board of the USSR JV , first secretary of the Board of the JV CBAR, RSFSR, chairman of the Kabardino-Balkarian Peace Committee. Deputy of the Council of Nationalities of the Armed Forces of the USSR 5th (1958-1962) and 9th-11th convocations (1974-1985) from the Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR. The personal and family life of K. Sh. Kuliev was difficult and difficult, the poet did not return to his wife and daughter after the war, the second wife, after some time, became seriously ill. And only in the last years of his life, the poet found family happiness and peace with his last wife. The last years of his life, until his death on June 4, 1985, Kaisyn Guliyev spent in his home in the city of Chegem , where he was buried according to his will. It is currently the Kaisyn Kuliyev Memorial House Museum ( 1987 ). Here are stored things, books, documents, photos of the poet. A monument to the work of sculptor M. Thakumashev is installed on the grave.
Creativity
The 1960s and 1970s are the most fruitful for Kuliev, the time of the highest flourishing of creativity. During this period, his collections of poems come out, each of which becomes a phenomenon in literature: “Fire on the Mountain” ( 1962 ), “The Wounded Stone” ( 1964 ), “The Book of the Earth” ( 1972 ), “The Stars to Burn” ( 1973 ), "Evening" ( 1974 ), "Spikes and Stars" ( 1979 ) and others.
In 1970, a two-volume edition of the collection of works by Kaysyn Kuliev was made, in 1976-1977 a collection of works in three volumes (in 1987 a posthumous collection of works in 3 volumes was published). In 1975 the journalism book “So grows a tree” was published.
The beginning of the 1980s - only five years allotted to Kaisyn Kuliev’s life, despite a serious illness, was fruitful for him. In 1985, a collection of poems "I Speak to People" was published - the last lifetime edition of the poet. He managed to prepare for publication the collections of poems “Man. Bird. The Tree. ”( 1985 ),“ Live! ”( 1986 ), the story “ Ride, My Little Donkey! ”( 1986 ), the novel“ It was Winter ”( 1987 ). But all these books were published after the death of the poet. They confirmed the continuing artistic significance of the work of Kaysyn Kuliev.
Poets Kaysyn Kuliev considered Pushkin , Lermontov , Tyutchev , Nizami , Fizuli , Pasternak [8] , A. T. Tvardovsky , Byron , Verkharna , Lorca to be close in spirit and creativity to the poets. “World poetry gave me that culture, without which and beyond which it is impossible to become a poet” [8] , ”he said.
Works Kulieva translated into 140 languages. The books of Kaisyn Kuliyev were published in many countries of Europe, Asia and America [9] .
From the memories of Kaisyn Kuliev
From the memoirs of Chingiz Aitmatov [10] :
... Kaisyn drank in verses, bewitching me too. His memory was truly phenomenal. Pushkin, Lermontov, Tyutchev, Blok, Yesenin, Nizami, Fizuli, Pasternak, Tvardovsky, Verkharn lived in his heart ... He knew poets as his own brothers. Loved and proud of them. And how many great composers, artists, philosophers illuminated his life! But communication with them was reserved. He was preparing for it. There must be a special hour when the meeting could take place. And the meeting happened ... ... In the poetry of Kaisyn himself, the voices of many different, his own and foreign-speaking poets are clearly heard, which does not prevent him from remaining himself; Kaisyn Guliyev never sought to, as they say in everyday life, to join the cultural heritage. He was ironic about the acquired erudition for the sake of erudition, considered it a form of spiritual consumerism, dependency. Not to master, but to become a co-creator of beauty! Miraculous! That is, to suffer him, to experience in your heart. And he was unusually happy when he had a holy reason to confess his love of art. |
Kaisyn Kuliev absorbed the culture of the East, the traditions of Russian and world classics. Boris Pasternak told Kaisin to Kuliev:
Above your head came the arrows of the West and the East. |
In 1948, B. Pasternak also wrote: [11] [12]
Dear Kaisyn ... You are one of those few whom nature creates that they are happy in any position, even in grief. ... Inborn talent is a children's model of the universe, incorporated from an early age into your heart, a school manual for understanding the world from the inside from its best and stunning side. Talent teaches honor and fearlessness, because it reveals how fabulously contributes to the general dramatic plan of existence. A gifted person knows how much he wins ... |
In another letter ( August 10, 1953 ), B. Pasternak wrote to K. Kuliev:
I have long told you that I love you very much and believe in you. This faith did not pass with me. I tell everyone about you. After Yesenin, I found only in one Pavel Vasiliev such features of wholeness, purpose and markedness, as in you. That's what I think about national literatures. In order for a phenomenon in any of them to excite attention and cause translations, it must have the novelty and importance of Omar Khayyam or R. Tagore , whom world poetry needed and without which would not be so full ... |
Memory
Memorial plaques are installed:
- In Rostov-on-Don on the building of the North Caucasus Scientific Center of the Higher School of the Southern Federal University.
- In Teikov, on the building of secondary school No. 4. In 1941, after being wounded in the Baltic States, Kaysyn Kuliyev was sent to Teikovo, where he was treated in the third unit of the evacuation hospital No. 3086, located in the school building. Later, he underwent military retraining in the 5th airborne corps stationed in Teikov.
Memorial plaque to Kaisyn Kuliev and Alim Keshokov in Rostov-on-Don
Memorial plaque to Kaisyn Kuliev in Teikov
Monuments have been erected:
- The monument to the poet is installed on the avenue to them. K. Kuliev in Nalchik , the capital of the CBD .
- The monument to the poet is installed in the courtyard of the memorial house-museum of Kaisyn Guliyev in the city of Chegem , KBR .
Memorial complexes:
- Memorial house-museum of Kaisyn Kuliev, Chegem , KBR .
- The memorial complex “One Hundred Steps to Kaisyn” was erected in the poet’s homeland in the village of Verkhny Chegem .
Monument in Kabardino-Balkaria: Nalchik , Prospect them. Kaisyna Kuliyev.
Memorial complex in the homeland of the poet in the village of Upper Chegem .
Monument in the courtyard of the memorial house-museum Kaysyn Kuliev.
In the name of Kaysyn Kuliev the following are named:
- Balkar Drama Theater in Nalchik , CBD .
- School in the village of Nizhny Chegem , CBD .
- Peak in the tract Bashil, CBD .
- Palace of Culture in the city of Tyrnyauz , CBD .
- School and museum in India .
- Park in the city of Ankara ( Turkey ).
- Prospect in Nalchik , CBD .
- A street in the city of Chegem , the CBD , where the poet’s house-museum and the museum’s charity foundation are located.
- Street in the city of Magas ( Ingushetia ).
- Street and library in Bishkek ( Kyrgyzstan ).
- A village in the Altai Mountains and the peak named after Kaysyn Kuliev.
Family
- Zalikhanova Tamara Aslantokovna (1919-1995) - the first wife [13]
- Kulieva, Zhanna Kaysynovna - daughter, candidate of philological sciences. He lives and works in Nalchik .
- Dakhkilgova, Makka Magomedsultanovna (1928 - 2000) - second wife
- Kuliev, Alim Kaysynovich - son, Soviet and American theater and film actor, director. Lives and works in the USA .
- Kuliev, Azamat Kaysynovich - the son, the artist. Lives and works in Istanbul , Turkey .
- Eldar Kaysynovich Kuliev (1951—2017) - son, film director, screenwriter.
- Kuliyeva, Elizat Elbaevna - the third wife [14] , academician of the International Academy of Creativity. He lives in the city of Nalchik , CBD .
- Kuliev, Akhmat Kaysynovich - the son, candidate of economic sciences, adviser of the 1st class civil service. Lives and works in the city of Nalchik.
Awards and titles
- Medal "For the Defense of Stalingrad" ( November 8, 1942 ) - for participation in the heroic defense of Stalingrad
- Order of the Patriotic War, II degree ( 1944 ) - for participation in the battles for the liberation of the Crimea
- medal "For the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" ( 1947 )
- two orders of the Red Banner of Labor (July 4, 1957 , October 28, 1967 ) - to the 50th anniversary of his birth and achievements in the works
- national poet of the Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR ( 1967 ) - for his great services in the development of the literature of Kabardino-Balkaria
- State Prize of the RSFSR named after M. Gorky ( 1966 ) - for the book "The Wounded Stone"
- Sign "25 Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" ( 1970 )
- Order of Lenin ( October 31, 1977 ) - for great services and in connection with the 60th anniversary
- USSR State Prize (1974) - for the "Book of the Land"
- Certificate of Merit of the Soviet Peace Committee ( 1974 )
- Commemorative Medal "Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" ( 1975 )
- Honored Worker of Culture of the Armenian SSR ( December 25, 1975 )
- Badge "For services to Polish culture" ( 1977 )
- “Khalkhyn Holyn Yalalt” - State Award of Mongolia ( 1979 )
- Anniversary medal "60 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" ( 1980 )
- Order of the October Revolution ( November 16, 1984 ) - for merits in the development of Soviet literature and in connection with the 50th anniversary of the formation of the Union of Writers of the USSR [15]
- Commemorative Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" ( 1985 )
- Order of the Patriotic War, I degree (March 11, 1985 )
- Prize them. Boris Polevoy ( 1986 ) - for the story "Scooter, my little donkey!"
- Lenin Prize ( April 20, 1990 - posthumously ) - for outstanding contributions to Soviet multinational literature, artistic originality and the development of folk traditions in the spiritual life of socialist society
- Medal and Certificate of Honor of the International Fund. M. Yu. Lermontov ( 1995 , posthumously) - for the support of national culture
- Prize "Honor and dignity of talent" International Literary Foundation "( 1998 , posthumously )
- Order of Merit ( 2007 - posthumously ) ( Republic of Ingushetia )
- Order of Merit ( 2008 - posthumously ) ( CBD )
Russian translations (favorites)
- Thanks sun. M., Young Guard, 1969. - 160 p., 50 000 copies.
- It was winter. Novel. - Moscow, Sovremennik, 1987. - 448 p., 100 000 copies.
- Spring light. - M., Soviet writer, 1979
- Evening. Book of poems. Translation from Balkar N. Grebnev . M .: Soviet writer, 1974., 184 p., 20 000 copies.
- Seasons. Nalchik, 1974
- Tall trees. M .: Children's literature, 1975
- Talking to people. M .: Sovremennik, 1985
- I'm talking to myself. M., True, 1977
- Mountain poem about Lenin. M .: Children's literature, 1967
- Mountain poem about Lenin. Nalchik, 1970
- The mountains. M .: Soviet writer, 1957. 328 p., 5 000 copies.
- I live among people. Book of lyrics. M .: Soviet writer, 1976. - 336 p., 20 000 copies.
- Live! - M .: Soviet Russia, 1986
- Bequest world. Poems. M .: True, 1965 - 32 p. (Library Twinkle.)
- Stars - burn! Selected lyrics. Translation from Balkar N. Grebnev , Ya. A. Kozlovsky , N. Korzhavin , O. G. Chukhontsev , E. Eliseev, D. Golubkov, L. Schiffers, D. Kedrin. Soviet Russia, Moscow, 1973. 544 p.
- Green tale. - Nalchik, 1963
- Land and song. M .: Soviet Russia, 1959
- Selected lyrics. Translated by N. Grebnev , J. Kozlovsky . M .: Young Guard, 1964 (Library of selected lyrics).
- Selected works in two volumes. M., Fiction, 1970. - 25 000 copies.
- Cornel reflection, an authorized translation from N. Grebnev from Balkaria. M .: "Soviet writer." 1969, 176 p.
- The Book of the Land. M., Soviet writer, 1977. 392 p., 50 000 copies.
- Book of lyrics. Translation from Balkar Naum Grebnev . Contemporary, M., 1973, 25,000 copies.
- COLORS AND STARS. M .: Contemporary. 1979. 384 s.
- Earthly beauty. M .: Soviet Russia, 1980. 416 p., 75 000 copies.
- Lyrics. Nalchik, 1987 (paral. Balkar and Russian texts).
- Lyrics. Translation from Balkar Naum Grebnev . Pravda Publishing House, Moscow, 1974, 32 p., 100 000 copies.
- Peace to your home, an authorized translation from Balkarian N. Grebnev . M., Soviet writer. 1966. - 176 p.
- My neighbours. Nalchik, 1957
- Fire on the mountain. M., Soviet writer, 1962
- While the song is being. Nalchik, 1993
- The poet is always with people. M., Soviet writer, 1986.
- Wounded stone. Selected Poems in Turkish Translation Kanshaubia Misiyeva . Ankara, from the Foundation. Ahmed Yasevi, 1997. Bilingual edition with parallel texts in Balkar and Turkish.
- Wounded stone. M., Soviet writer, 1968. - 320 p., 50 000 copies
- Wounded stone. M .: Soviet writer, 1964, 312 pp., 10 000 copies. Translation by N. Grebnev , Ya. A. Kozlovsky , M. A. Dudin , S. Lipkin , N. M. Korzhavin .
- The tale of the good ant. M .: Children's literature, 1976
- The tale of the sun. M .: Children's literature, 1975
- See “I am Russian. Rasul Gamzatov. David Kugultinov. Kaisyn Kuliev. Mustai Karim. Poems. ”352 p. Publishing Inesh 2007. Ufa. ISBN 978-5-903622-03-0
- Collected works in three volumes. M .: Fiction, 1987 - 75 000 copies.
- Collected works in three volumes. M.: Fiction. Volume 1 (Years 1935–1961) - 1976. Preface - Irakli Andronikov . Volume 2. Poems, poems. (Years 1961-1969). - 1977. Volume 3. Poems, poems. (The years 1969-1975). - 1977. - 75,000 copies.
- Poems. Nalchik, 1967
- Poems M., Goslitizdat, 1959
- So grows a tree. M., Contemporary, 1975
- Grass and stone. Selected poems in translation by N. Grebnev , O. Chukhontsev , S. Lipkin , N. Tikhonov , V. Zvyagintseva , J. Neiman , J. Kozlovsky . Pyatigorsk, Caucasus Bulletin, 2007. Bilingual edition with parallel texts in Russian and in English. -
- Grass and stone. Grass and Stone. Translated By Olga Shartse. Selected Poems. Moscow, Progress Publications, 1977. The parallel text in English and in Russian.
- Morning tale. Moscow, Children's Literature, 1964
- Bread and rose. M., Young Guard, 1957
- Person. Bird. Tree. M., Soviet writer, 1985. - 368 p., 20 000 copies.
- I came from the mountains. M., Detgiz, 1959
- Grass and Stone. Selected Poems. Translated by Olga Shartse. Vestnik Kavkaza, Pyatigorsk, Russia, 2007. Bilingual edition. Translation into Russian by Naum Grebnev, Oleg Chukhontsev, Vera Zvyagintseva.
- YARALI TAŞ. Şiirler. Ankara, Ahmet Yesevi Vakfı Yayınları, 1997, Türkçesi: Kanşaubiy Miziev .
Screenshots
- "Wounded stones" (TV series) - dir. Nikolai Zaseev-Rudenko ( A. Dovzhenko Film Studio , 1987)
See also
- Balkars
- Deportation of Balkarians
Notes
- ↑ Kuliev, Kaysyn Shuvaevich. Autobiography .
- ↑ Vadim Dementiev. Caucasian notebook . - Contemporary, 1989-01-01. - 440 s.
- ↑ 1 2 Chotchayeva, Marina Yuryevna. The theme of the reference of the Karachay-Balkarian people through the prism of the fate of a creative person in K. Sh. Kuliyev’s autobiographical prose and correspondence // Bulletin of Adygea State University. Series 2: Philology and art history. - 2009-01-01. - Vol. 1 .
- ↑ Tamara Efendiyeva, Salih Ibragimovich Efendiyev. Kaisyn Shuvaevich Kuliev: 1959-1985 . - Publishing house "Elbrus", 1997-01-01. - 434 s.
- ↑ Sergey Umarovich Pazov, Karachay-Cherkess State Pedagogical University. Literature of the peoples of the North Caucasus: artistic and methodological problems of study: theses of reports . - Khzhru, 1999-01-01. - 192 s.
- ↑ Gennady Krasukhin. All year with literature. The fourth quarter . - Liters, 2016-09-07. - 1141 s. - ISBN 9785040229086 .
- ↑ Zh. K. Kuliyeva. I lived on this land--: Kaysyn Kuliev: portrait in documents . - Elbrus, 1999-01-01. - 562 s.
- ↑ 1 2 Kuliev, Kaysyn Shuvaevich. So grows a tree . Archived March 12, 2017.
- ↑ Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Efendiyev S.I. Kaysyn Kuliev in the social memory of the peoples of Russia, the CIS and far abroad .
- ↑ Chingiz Aitmatov. Articles, speeches, dialogues, interviews . - Publishing House of the Press and News Agency, 1988-01-01. - 410 s. - ISBN 9785702000138 .
- ↑ Boris Pasternak. Poems - Liters, 2014-07-10. - 511 s. - ISBN 9785457073296 .
- ↑ OPERATION "FRIENDSHIP OF PEOPLES" . 2002.novayagazeta.ru. The appeal date is September 7, 2016.
- ↑ KAYSYN KULIEV: A MAN WHO WASN'T FEAR OF STALIN Unsolved . www.sovsekretno.ru. The date of circulation is September 11, 2016.
- ↑ Alexander Ebanoidze. Plowman and Knight . Magazine room. The date of circulation is September 11, 2016.
- ↑ Bulletin of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. - M .: Publication of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, 1984. - No. 47 (November 21). - 861 - 872 s. - [Articles 831 - 847. ]
Literature
- Art. Rassadin . Kaisyn Kuliev. Literary portrait. Moscow, Fiction, 1974. 158 p.
- J. Kuliyev . Staying in people's memory ... Collection of articles and memories of Kaisyn Kuliev. Nalchik: Elbrus, 1987.
- L. Mkrtchyan . Without you, Kaisyn, and with you. Yerevan: Nairi, 1997,108 p.
- J. Kuliyev . I lived on this land ... Kaysyn Kuliev in documents. Nalchik: Elbrus, 1999.
- E. Kuliyev . My genius, my angel, my friend. Nalchik: Elbrus, 2002.
- Kuliyeva, Elizat Elbaevna (E.Kuliyeva). A mind inspired by freedom. Nalchik: Elbrus, 2007.
Links
- On the deportation of Balkarians
- Memorial House-Museum of Kaisyn Kuliev
- Kaisyn Kuliev. National Library of Australia
- Kaisyn Kouliev. Scottish Poetry Library Inspire (unavailable link)
- Kaisyn Kuliev. University of Chicago Library (unavailable link)
- Chronos. Kuliev, Kaysyn Shuvaevich
- "The poet's space" Chingiz Aitmatov
- Official site of the president of the CBD
- The official website of the laureate of State Prizes, the national poet of Kabardino-Balkaria Kaisyn Kuliev