Slovaks in Hungary ( Slovak: Maďarskí Slováci ) are the third largest minority in Hungary , after gypsies and Germans. According to the 2001 census, 17,692 people in Hungary called themselves Slovaks . The total number of people who speak the Slovak language is 56 107. [1] According to the estimates of national organizations, in Hungary there are 100,000-110,000 people of Slovak origin. Consequently, the number of Slovaks in Hungary ranges from 0.18% to 1.1% of the total population of Hungary. [1] [2]
History
The presence of Slovaks on the territory of modern Hungary was first noted during the Middle Ages. [3] In the 9th-10th centuries, territories inhabited by Slovaks were part of Great Moravia . Subsequently, at the end of the 9th century, these lands were conquered by the Principality of Hungary , which in 1000 was transformed into the Kingdom of Hungary . In the XVI century, after the battle of Mojac , which occurred in 1526 during the Ottoman wars in Europe , the kingdom of Hungary was divided into three parts. The areas with the Slovak population for the most part came under the rule of Royal Hungary , controlled by the Habsburgs . After the Turks were defeated at the end of the XVII century, all the lands of the Slovaks were united under the rule of the Habsburgs. At that time, Slovaks lived mainly in the northern part of the country, which was then called Upper Hungary (where Slovakia is now located). In the XVIII and XIX centuries, some Slovak migrants began to settle in other lands of the empire, including in the northern part of modern Hungary. Around the same time, Slovaks began to demand autonomy within the framework of the Hungarian kingdom as part of the Austrian Empire, which served as a reason for contention between Hungarians and Slovaks. According to the 1920 Trianon Treaty , most of the territories of the Kingdom of Hungary, which were inhabited by Slovaks, became part of Czechoslovakia. [4] Some Slovaks, however, remained living within the borders of the new Hungary. According to the census in Austria-Hungary, conducted in 1900, 192,000 Slovaks lived in the territory of modern Hungary (2.8% of the total population). [5] According to the Hungarian census of 1920, 141,882 people spoke Slovak. [6] In the same year, a Hungarian-Czechoslovak population exchange took place. It was repeated after the end of World War II: then 73 thousand people moved from Hungary to Slovakia. [2]
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS BUDAPEST
- ↑ 1 2 European Commission (unavailable link) . Date of treatment March 26, 2016. Archived February 12, 2012.
- ↑ Ottov historický atlas - Slovensko, Zdroj poučenia, poznania a pochopenia našich dejín, Pavol Kršák, Vydavateľstvo: Ottovo nakladatelství, 2009, page 75. [1]
- ↑ Rick Fawn, Jiří Hochman p. 263 https://books.google.com/books?id=0YKMHQk7l-AC&pg=PA263&dq=%22upper+hungary%22+slovakia+trianon&hl=sk&ei=SP5oTsGgKqP24QTfg-nTDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&um=a=&ult=wult&um=ault&w=result&oc=result&oc=result&oc=result&oc=result&oc=result&oc=result&oc=result&oc=result&oc=result&oc=result&oc=result&oc=result&oc=result&w=result onepage & q =% 22upper% 20hungary% 22% 20slovakia% 20trianon & f = false
- ↑ Eberhardt, Piotr: Ethnic groups and population changes in twentieth-century. p. 274. https://books.google.hu/books?id=jLfX1q3kJzgC&pg=PA335&dq=slovaks+in+hungary+number&hl=sk&ei=cruMTurZJdTE4gTZuOisCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=c_&&==&&==&&==&&==&&==&&==&&==&&==&&==&&==&&==&&==&&==&&==&&==&&==&&==&&==&&==&&=&&=&&=&&=&&==&&= 20the% 20territoy% 20of% 20the% 20contemporary% 20Hungary% 20in% 201900 & f = false
- ↑ Seton-Watson, Hugh: Eastern Europe Between the Wars, 1918-1941. 1946, p. 481. https://books.google.hu/books?id=y3A3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA431&dq=1920+census+hungary+slovak&hl=hu&sa=X&ei=gaqaVNnWOsXIyAPb8oKoDQ&ved=0CG0Q6AE20fq&ved=0C202019&%=&20=19&&==Q&20=19&&==&C == QC
See also
- Hungarians in Slovakia
Links
- The Slovak National Minority in Hungary The Situation of the Slovak National Minority in Hungary. Office of the Prime Minister. Budapest 1997
- Ethnic Slovaks in Hungary // Nationalities in Hungary