Pikul, Valentin Savich

Valentin Pikul was born on July 13, 1928 in Leningrad (Mezhdunarodny prospekt, 130, apt. 45) in a working-class family.

Parents

Savva Mikhailovich Pikul - was born in 1901 in the town of Kagarlyk in the Kiev province in a peasant family ^[3] . After serving in the Baltic Fleet (1922-1926) on the destroyer Friedrich Engels, he remained in Leningrad and went to work at Skorokhod factory as a greaser.

The house in Severodvinsk where Valentin Pikul lived.

May 26, 1926 married Maria Karenina. In 1935 he graduated from the Engineering and Economics Institute. Molotov then worked at the factory number 190 ( Admiralty Plant ) as the head of the production department. Since July 1940 he moved to work in Molotovsk (now Severodvinsk ) to build a new shipyard (the future Sevmash plant ), where he worked as a senior engineer of the PPO group. After the start of World War II, he volunteered for the White Sea Naval Flotilla . Since July 1942, he has been fighting in Stalingrad as a senior political officer of the 4th Marine Battalion of the 42nd Separate Rifle Brigade. Officially went missing during the Battle of Stalingrad ^[4] , allegedly died on September 26 in the battle for the Pioneer House ^[5] .

Maria Konstantinovna Pikul (Karenina) - left the peasants of the Pskov province ^{[6] [7]} . She died in Leningrad in 1984.

Childhood

Vali Pikul’s childhood passed in Leningrad . In the summer, he and cousins ​​Boris, Victor and sister Lyusya, rested in the village of Zamost or in a summer house in the suburbs of Leningrad. Father and mother worked and raised their children, mainly the grandmother of Vasilisa Minaevna Karenina, who, according to the writer's memoirs, instilled in him a feeling of love for the Russian folk language early on. At this time, his father, moonlighting in the manufacture of furniture, fashioned a wooden table for Vale, at which he subsequently wrote all his novels. In Leningrad he studied at the model school number 16 named. Academician Pavlov, studied in acrobatics and drawing circles, graduated from 4th grade perfectly.

In 1940, Valya moved with his mother from Leningrad to the city of Molotovsk , to the place where his father worked, where he graduated from the 5th grade and studied at the Pioneer House in the club "Young Sailor" ^[7] . In 1941, Valya Pikul, having passed the exams, went on vacation to his grandmother in Leningrad . Due to the outbreak of war, it was not possible to return until the fall. Mother and son had to survive the first siege winter in Leningrad . Since December 1941, his father became the battalion commissar of the White Sea Naval Flotilla and moved to Arkhangelsk . In the spring of 1942, Valya, sick with scurvy and dystrophy, with her mother left Leningrad along the "Road of Life" and was evacuated to Arkhangelsk .

Further Biography

In Arkhangelsk, Valentin Pikul fled to the Jung school on Solovki . My father transferred to the Marine Corps, and a year later senior political instructor Pikul S. M., who was a member of the Political Department of the SF, went missing in the battles near Stalingrad in February 1943 ^[8] . In 1943, Pikul graduated from the Jung school in the Solovetsky Islands (he was the first recruiting youth) with a specialization in steering-signalman and was sent to the destroyer Grozny of the Northern Fleet , where he served until the end of the war. After the victory, he was sent to the Leningrad Preparatory Naval School. According to him, the cadet Pikul in 1946 was awarded the medal "For the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945." ^[9] But in 1946 he was expelled "for lack of knowledge."

He worked as a department head in a diving unit, then in the fire department. Engaged in self-education. Even then, Pikul decided to devote himself to literary creation and enrolled as a free listener in the literary circle, led by V.K. Ketlinskaya . He also began to attend the association of young writers, led by V. A. Rozhdestvensky . At this time, Pikul made friends with writers V. A. Kurochkin and V. V. Konetsky . Familiar called them "three musketeers." In 1962, Valentin Pikul moved to Riga (“under pressure from Daniil Granin and the regional party committee,” according to Viktor Yagodkin ^[10] ), where he lived until his death. Valentin Pikul himself said (this can be read in the book “I measured life by volumes of books” compiled by his third wife Antonina Ilyinichna) that he and his second wife Veronika Chugunova moved to Riga in order to improve their living conditions (room in Leningrad communal apartment changed to a 2-room apartment in the "general's house" in Riga). The reason for choosing Riga was that Veronika Chugunova had already lived there before and knew the city well. There is another version of the appearance of an apartment in Riga:

Pikul also excelled. He said at the trial to Kirill Uspensky : “Cyril!” We all wish you well, and you continue to lie! ... Ouspensky was given five years in the midst of liberalism.

And Pikulu - an apartment in Riga ...

- ^[11]

According to relatives and acquaintances, Pikul was often persecuted with threats, and after the publication of the novel Unclean Force, he was severely beaten ^[12] . According to the same Yagodkin, after the publication of the historical novel “At the Last Line” (“Unclean Force”), Pikul was set up undercover by personal order of M. A. Suslov ^[10] . In 1985 he was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War II degree ^[13] . Valentin Savvich Pikul died on July 16, 1990 from a heart attack . He was buried in Riga at the Forest Cemetery .

Family

Valentine Savich was married three times. Soon after the war, Pikul married Zoya Borisovna Chudakova. A few years later, the marriage broke up. In the archives of the Union of Writers of the USSR, an autobiography of Pikul is stored, where there is an entry: “I am legally married. Wife - Chudakova (Pikul) Zoya Borisovna, born in 1927. " They met by chance, in line at the box office for movie tickets. Pikul was seventeen, Zoe a little older. It was 1946, the war had just ended. Valentin did not have a permanent job, he interrupted by casual work, giving most of his time to the literary circle and his first major literary work. But Zoya is pregnant, and the lovers had to sign. A daughter was born ^{[14] [15]} .

In 1958, Pikul married Veronika Feliksovna Chugunova (maiden name - Gansovskaya, born in 1919), the sister of the writer S. Gansovsky . There were no common children in the marriage, and the wife had an adult son from a previous marriage. Pikul dedicated his historical novel “Word and Work” to Veronika Feliksovna. ^[14]

Shortly after the death of Chugunova (she died in February 1980 ), Pikul married for the third and last time. The last wife, and now his widow, is called Antonina Ilyinichna Pikul. Now Antonina Ilyinichna is doing a lot of work to perpetuate the name of the writer and to popularize his work. Several books about V. S. Pikul came out from under her pen: “Valentin Pikul. First-hand ”,“ Dear Valentin Savich! ”,“ Valentin Pikul. I measured life with volumes of books ”,“ The country of Pikulia lives ”, as well as the photo album“ The life and work of Valentin Pikul in photographs and documents ”. For this writing, A. I. Pikul was admitted to the Union of Writers of Russia .

In 1947, Pikul was first able to print in periodicals - it was educational material about ginseng . Then Pikul conceived his first novel, entitled "Course on the Sun." Before that, he had read a book about the destroyers of the Northern Fleet, which outraged him with his dullness, and he decided to write about this more truthfully and better. However, even after three versions of the story, he remained unsatisfied with it and personally destroyed the manuscript. Nevertheless, fragments of the story were published in the naval newspaper “On Watch”, which was then published in Tallinn. In 1950, his short stories On the Shore and Ginseng were published in the Young Leningrad almanac.

The first novel "Ocean Patrol" Pikul came out in 1954 in the publishing house of the Komsomol Central Committee "Young Guard" . He spoke about the fight against the Germans in the Barents Sea during the Great Patriotic War. The novel was a great success, and Pikul was admitted to the USSR joint venture . However, the author himself later completely denied his work and said that this novel is an example of how not to write novels. The last novel Pikul worked on until his death is Barbarossa, dedicated to the events of World War II. Having planned to write two volumes, Pikul first hoped to write the first volume (“The Square of the Fallen Fighters”), then write the book “When the Kings were Young” (about the events of the 18th century) and only after that finish the work begun with the second volume. He also nurtured the idea of ​​the novel "Arakcheevschina", to which he had already collected all the material. The intentions remained novels about the ballerina Anna Pavlova - “Prima”; about the artist Mikhail Vrubel - “Demon Downed”; about the elder sister of Peter I, Sophia, - "Tsar Baba". However, his plans were not destined to come true: having written only most of the first volume of the novel Barbarossa, Pikul died.

Criticism

Pikul's books have often been and continue to be criticized for the careless handling of historical documents, and a vulgar style of speech. Some researchers call his work libelous and opportunistic, aimed only at the sake of the Soviet regime ^[16] .

Most in this sense went to his novel “ Unclean Power ” ^[18] , despite the fact that the author himself considered him “the main success in his literary biography” ^[19] . The novel is dedicated to the period of the agony of imperial power in Russia - “rasputinism”. Pikul was accused of historically incorrectly depicting the moral character and habits of the last Russian emperor Nicholas II , his wife Alexandra Fedorovna , representatives of the clergy, including the highest. Historically, the entire royal environment and the then government of the country are unreliably depicted in this book. V. Oskotsky in the article “Education by History” ^[20] called the novel “a stream of subject gossip” ^[21] . The son of Tsarist Prime Minister Peter Stolypin, Arkady Stolypin, in his review of “Tiny Truths in a Barrel of Lies” ^[22] states:

Valentin Pikul during his lifetime became a very controversial and controversial figure ^[24] . Even during the life of Pikul, claims to his books were very strong, and discussions about his talent and views on the history of Russia continued decades after the death of the author ^{[25] [26]} . Among historians, V. S. Pikul’s free attitude to facts was caused by the appearance in the 2000s of the comic term “picularization of history” (meaning “fiction,” as in Dumas).

For forty years of literary activity, Valentin Pikul created about thirty novels and short stories.

• Collected works in 22 volumes (28 books). M., Innovator, 1992.
• Collected works in 20 books. M., Business Center, 1991

Novels

Historic Thumbnails

Autobiographical and journalistic works

• 1974 - Young's Northern Fleet
• 1987 - Moonsund
• 1994 - Boulevard Novel
• 2003 - Bayazet (television series)
• 2004 — Богатство (телесериал)
• 2004 — Конвой PQ-17 (телесериал)
• 2005 — Фаворит (телесериал)
• 2007 — Пером и шпагой (телесериал)

• Два ордена Трудового Красного Знамени (1978, 1988)
• Орден Дружбы народов
• Орден Отечественной войны II степени
• Медаль «За оборону Ленинграда»
• Медаль «За оборону Советского Заполярья»
• Medal "For the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945."
• Государственная премия РСФСР имени М. Горького (1988) — за роман «Крейсера» (передал пострадавшим от землетрясения в Армении)
• Литературная премия Министерства обороны СССР (1988) — за роман «Из тупика». В Рижском окружном Доме офицеров 22 марта 1988 г. состоялась торжественное вручение литературной премии. Этой награды писатель удостоен за активную разработку в своем творчестве военно-патриотической тематики, за пропаганду героико-революционных и боевых традиций российского флота . Награду вручал начальник военного издательства МО СССР генерал-лейтенант В.С. Рябов. Денежное вознаграждение передал в фонд госпиталя Прибалтийского военного округа на нужды воинов-интернационалистов.
• Премия имени М. А. Шолохова (1993 — посмертно ) — за роман «Нечистая сила».

• Памятник В. С. Пикулю в Мурманске в сквере школы № 1 на ул. Буркова (открыт 13 июля 2013 года) ^[30] .
• Бюст В. С. Пикулю в Мурманске на аллее писателей (установлен в 2008 году ) ^[31] .
• Памятная доска на доме № 16 по 4-й Красноармейской улице Санкт-Петербурга , где Пикуль жил с 1947 по 1961 гг. ^[2]
• В 1996 году В. Пикуль посмертно избран действительным членом Петровской академии наук и искусств .
• В 1998 году (к 70-летию со дня рождения) имя Пикуля занесено в листы памяти Золотой Книги Санкт-Петербурга за № 0004.
• В 2015 году в честь В. С. Пикуля названа аудитория в Морском государственном университете имени адмирала Г. И. Невельского . Открытие памятной доски состоялось в рамках празднования 125-летия учебного заведения.
• 26 октября 2017 года в Балтийской Международной академии в рамках осеннего цикла Дней русской культуры был открыт зал памяти и славы В. С. Пикуля ^[32] .

Ныне имя В. С. Пикуля носят:

• сухогруз «Валентин Пикуль» (порт приписки Санкт-Петербург)
• тральщик Черноморского флота «Валентин Пикуль» (порт приписки Новороссийск)
• пограничный сторожевой корабль ПСКР-924 «Валентин Пикуль» ( пр. 10410 , порт приписки Каспийск , Дагестан )
• малая планета Пикулия (Т4174; открыта в 1982 году)
• улицы в городах Балтийске и Североморске (с 1991 года) и Риге(с 2016)
• библиотеки Балтийского и Тихоокеанского флотов
• Международная литературная премия имени Валентина Пикуля (учреждена в 2004 году)
• сад ( Санкт-Петербург , Адмиралтейский район , Измайловское ) ^[33]
• аллея имени Валентина Пикуля и пешеходная дорожка «тропа Валентина Пикуля» в г. Рига в районе Даугавгривы (решение Рижской думы от 7 июня 2016 года ) ^{[34] [35]}

После смерти В. С. Пикуля в Риге остался большой личный архив писателя ^{[36] [37] [38]} : более десяти тысяч изданий по истории, биографическая картотека, насчитывающая около 100 тысяч карточек и 50 000 исторических портретов, охватывающих период с XV до начала ХХ века ^[38] .

В разные годы велись переговоры о возвращении архива писателя в Россию. Рассматривалось создание персонального музея В. Пикуля ^[39] , а также передача архива писателя в собрание Центрального военно-морского музея в г. Санкт-Петербурге ^[38] или Музея морского флота в Москве ^{[40] [41] [42]} , но окончательное решение до сих пор не принято] ^{[38] [43]} .

• Премия имени Валентина Пикуля

• Валентин Пикуль. Я мерил жизнь томами книг: Автобиогр. записки / Сост. А. И. Пикуль
• Коняев Н. М. Валентин Пикуль. — Алгоритм, 2007. — 400 с. — (Властители дум). — ISBN 978-5-9265-0318-7 .
• Новичихин Е. Г. «О наших мерзавцах и подлецах…» // Новичихин Е. Г. Былого лики и чекры: Воспоминания. Очерки и публицистика. Путевые заметки. — Воронеж: Центр духовного возрождения Черноземного края, 2012. — С. 72-76. ISBN 978-5-91338-063-0
• Пикуль А. И. Валентин Пикуль. Из первых уст
• Пикуль А. И. Валентин Пикуль: Слово и дело великого романиста. — М.: Вече, 2013. — 720 с., ил., 2000 экз., ISBN 978-5-4444-1284-8
• Пикуль А. И. Живёт страна Пикулия
• Пикуль А. И. Уважаемый Валентин Саввич!
• Чуликанов В., Чугунов А. «Жене Веронике — за всё, за всё…». Валентин Пикуль

• Валентин Пикуль в библиотеке «Альдебаран»
• valentin-pikul.ru — сайт, посвященный писателю
• Тысяча жизней одного человека // Росбалт, 12 июля 2016 (к 88-летию)