Greyhounds

The homeland of the greyhounds is considered to be Arabia , from where they came to Ancient Egypt ^[5] , and Mesopotamia ^[3] . The ancestors of the ancient greyhounds of Asia and North Africa were probably pariah dogs, which , as a result of natural selection, formed features characteristic of the etching dogs of desert territories ^[6] . Fragments of pottery with images of dogs with obvious features of greyhounds Saluki were found in the historical part of Susa and date back to 4000 BC. er Cave paintings 7000-5000 years BC. er Jebel Barkal depicts greyhounds that look like slugs . In the tombs of ancient Egypt, mummies of greyhounds, drawings and sculptures with their images were found ^[3] .

It is believed that the first greyhounds were the slyugi and the leezer . Under the influence of slyugi, most breeds of greyhound dogs of Asia, Europe and Africa were formed. Thesezee influenced the emergence of African breeds, but around the II century BC. er was expelled from Egypt, and later from North Africa, the servants were brought in during the Arab invasions ^[7] . In Europe, greyhounds appeared during the period of the Gallic campaigns in Asia Minor in the III — II centuries BC. er Eastern greyhounds penetrated with trade and military campaigns through Iran and Afghanistan to the territory of the Caucasus and the Volga steppes. From Syria, the ancient breeds of greyhounds penetrated into Europe . Greyhound dogs were brought later and crusaders ^{[8] [5]} . Asian breeds of greyhounds and pickling dogs have been formed in Asia, especially in India ^[7] .

Hunting with dogs, squeezing the beast, has long been cultivated not only as a craft, but also as a sport, entertainment among horse people. Horse hunting with greyhounds was widely practiced by Arab and Asian rulers, along with hunting with hunting birds . In Russia, hound hunting was fun for princes and boyars. Passion for lush and expensive hunting formed the basis of special attention to the greyhound in comparison with other hunting breeds. There is unconfirmed evidence that in the XI century the English king forbade ordinary residents to start greyhounds so that they would not interfere with the royal hunt ^[3] . Hunting became a magnificent amusement of the nobility, tens and even hundreds of dogs — pickling, greyhounds, hounds ^[9] - participated in these magnificent celebrations. In 1619, a law was passed in Virginia prohibiting the sale of greyhounds to Native Americans. The French king Louis XI provided one of his greyhounds with a private bed and nightwear, while for another he ordered a scarlet velvet collar with twenty pearls. Queen Victoria among the numerous breeds also contained the Greyhounds, and the Russian canine greyhounds were presented to her by the emperors Alexander II and Alexander III ^[3] .

Borzoi dogs were intended for hunting in the way of baiting . In this case, consisted of a pack: greyhounds with a hunter, joined by three or four same breed dogs, of which one must be of the other sex. The word pack comes from the belt, on which they drive several greyhounds at once. During hunting several packs could be used.

Exterior

Greyhounds - specialized breeds, with pronounced characteristic features of the exterior. These are square format dogs with long - high - legs, streamlined body shape. The dry type of constitution with its characteristic intensive metabolism is typical for greyhounds, as well as for all animals adapted to the speed run. The dogs are tightened, the skin fits snugly, the head is light, elongated. The neck is set high, which makes it possible to change the balance during a quick run with the help of the tilt of the neck. The chest is voluminous and deep to accommodate the strong heart and voluminous lungs necessary for intense exercise. For powerful pushes when moving a quarry, the greyhounds should have well-developed muscular hind legs, long and wide croup, relatively large paws ^[10] .

Behavioral Portrait

The type of higher nervous activity of the greyhounds is characterized as strong, but balanced and fast. The behavioral profile of most breeds of greyhound dogs is characterized by the following features ^[11] :

Gang

A leash for guiding a flock of greyhounds or hounds, 4-5 m long, threaded into the rings of the colts and held at both ends (when lowering the pack, one end is released).

Svoor collar (svornik)

It is a double folded leather belt, thin but wide. Metal triangles are threaded on both sides, into which there is a hinge link, which allows turning.

In Western Europe, three subtypes of borzoi dogs have formed. For baiting wolves and large hoofed game large, brodded greyhounds were used. In the hunt for foxes and hares, dogs with medium hair, the Horte, were used. Small short-haired dogs hunted rabbits. In many European countries, national breeds of greyhounds have formed. Subsequently, large greyhounds from Russia were also brought to Europe ^[9] .

In Moscow Russia, hunting with greyhounds was practiced as a sport of the ruling elite. At that time, “complete” hunting was born with the combined use of greyhounds and hounds: hounds drove the beast out of the woods, and greyhounds chased and caught him in open areas. For such a hunt, the Russian canine greyhound, a large dog, was distinguished by its quickness and spite for the beast, that is, courage and readiness to battle with a predator. Greyhounds were used in groups of two or three dogs (sometimes descended in several packs), the beast was taken at a short distance. Such use of the greyhounds caused the characteristics of the emerging breed:

• dogs show very high agility, but at short distances - the dog had to catch the beast before it disappeared in the forest (in fact, the method of pursuit more typical of the cat was used );
• independence in the search for the beast is poorly developed, the dog in ambush did not leave the hunter, waiting for other dogs or equestrian hunters to raise the beast;
• Sense not only did not develop, but was also considered a disadvantage (the dog "smelly"), - vigilance, attentiveness, visual reaction were valued. Greyhounds of European selection are able to see a moving object at a distance of several kilometers ^[11] .

Complete hunting and the inherent type of greyhounds - first of all Russian hound and hornai - were common in Russia from the 17th to the middle of the 19th century. In Western Europe, this subtype of greyhounds included: the English Shorthair, the Italian Greyhound and the wire-haired (bosom) Irish and Scottish greyhounds. European greyhounds are characterized by their protruding ears, raised in an excited state on the cartilage ^[10] .

In North Africa, Small and Central Asia, the Caspian and Black Sea steppes, greyhounds were formed in the open landscape and a different nature of hunting. The hunt was of a fishing nature. The animals were searched for in large spaces, the dogs were allowed to chase the remote beast (“in the hijacking”), they were used mostly alone. For such a hunt the dog must be able to:

• combine playfulness and endurance;
• independently search for the beast, using both sight and scent;
• quietly wait for the hunter near the prey, bring the prey.

The southern and eastern greyhounds usually have drooping ears, covering their elongated hair ("burkas") and the tip of the tail twisted into a ring. The main representatives of this subtype of greyhounds: basins , taigan , servants, Afghan greyhounds , Crimean and mountain greyhounds that disappeared at the turn of the 19th – 20th centuries ^[10] .

Oriental fold greyhounds - the largest group of hunting dogs. It is claimed that it was the eastern hound that survived the Flood on the Noah's Ark ^[12] .

A variety of greyhound breeds

In almost every country in Southern Europe, North and Central Africa, Central and South Asia, there is, or once existed, its own breed of greyhound ^[13] .

The International Cynological Federation recognizes 13 borzoi breeds, in addition, some breeds from the so-called primitive breeds are actually greyhounds ( Pharaoh's dog , Podenko ibitsenko (Ibiza greyhound) and Podenko Canario , Cirneko del Etna ).

According to A.P. Mazover , there are about 30 breeds of greyhounds, not counting the many different types that are common in Arab, African and European countries ^[5] . According to P.M. Machevarianov ^[14] , in Russia in the VII — VIII centuries there were four breeds of greyhounds: canid, barbed, Hortai and Krymki (apparently, all greyhounds of Oriental origin). P. M. Gubin ^[15] adds four more breeds - English, Hortu, Mountain and Courland.

Brockhaus and Efron lead the division of greyhounds into dogs, or Gustops, Chistopsov, Crimean, Moldavian, Mountain, Turkmen, or Tazy, Khiva, Kyrgyz, Horty and Brudish ^[1] .

L.P. Sabaneev proposes the division of a great many breeds of greyhounds into four main groups: the Arabian (the main variety is the servant), the brody-haired, the fold Turkish-Tatar, and the youngest, the Russian ^[16] .

Terminology

When describing greyhounds, traditional Russian hunting terminology is used , which can often be incomprehensible to contemporaries who are far from canine hunting.

Historical breeds

Busty greyhounds

They came back in ancient times from the mixing of oriental greyhounds with shepherds, from which they inherited their distinctive features: wool of a dog, beard, mustache and densely overhanging eyebrows. Their color is almost always ash-gray, dirty sex, red, white and black. The pond breasts are divided into Scottish or Courland klokov and English royal; the first of them have, on the whole head and on the whole body, a long, cloak-like dog, tough, like a seal or a badger ; the English, however, are distinguished by a more silky canine hanging down, as in Angora goats, with thick eyebrows and a mustache, with a beard, like a goat’s ^[1] .

Mountain greyhounds

They originate from the Caucasus and Asia Minor. Their distinguishing features are: a completely dry head; narrow forehead, sharp trowel; thin, dry, and beautiful gable; thin, hanging, below sharp, under burka, ears; long and straight neck; legs, dry and squeezed in pasazku, barrel-shaped and rather lowered ribs; a short, thin rule with a light suspension, rather thin and short dog, but smooth and satin. The color is black with tan, muruga and red with muruzino. Mountain hounds are famous for their strength, agility, strength for long-distance training, and sometimes they even acquire dog dogs ^[1] .

Crimean greyhounds

Or Krymki, or Krymachi, are most often found in the steppes of the Crimean peninsula. Their distinguishing features are small pendulous ears, sometimes covered with so-called burkoy, that is, long dog dogs; yellowish eye; highly developed chest, back, sacrum and black meat; an overgrown (slightly concave) back, a thin, dry and hooked rule, always monochrome, that is, without a white tip and without any marks at the root. Their growth is not more than 14–15 inches , the color is mostly all black or tan, sexually-pied, red with mazurina, less often black-and-white, white and muro-pied ^[1] .

Courland clocks

Or cosmachis. Bruddy greyhounds, descended from the hunting dogs of the Normans, who inhabited the Baltic Sea coast. Apparently, in the time of Peter the Great, they were also used in Russia. There is evidence that the Courland klaki were used when breeding a greyhound. Gubin ^[15] describes Kurland brudgy greyhounds like dogs of large, wide-headed, covered with hard hair without decorating wool ^[17] .

Moldavian greyhounds

Greyhounds, or wolfs, Moldavian were found in the steppes of Bessarabia and Romania, and apparently originated from the crossing of the Polish Hortai with the Krymks, as they are short-haired. The Crimean and Volosha greyhounds, without giving out a special playfulness, possess such a significant power that they can ride up to 10 versts in one hijacking, not tired at all, and therefore are particularly suitable for hunting in the steppe ^[1] .

Canine

Growth from 67 to 76 cm; head is dry, v-shaped, with a rather narrow forehead and a sharp falcon; the gable is thin, long, collapsible, that is, not humpbacked, and without a pod, which is when the lower jaw is much shorter than the upper jaw; wax dark or black; the ears are small, thin and tight, that is, laid back on the back of the head and lying close to each other; eyes are black, bulging; neck laterally flat, long, swan; chest broad, tapering in front; shoulders full, muscular; the elbows of the front legs are slightly turned apart; legs are generally bony and sinewy; the front legs' puzzles are dry and narrow, in the fingers compressed into a ball and resting on the ground with claws, not heel; steppe in a dog with a horse, that is, with a light humpback, in females - a bench, that is, straight; ribs barrel-shaped, descending to the elbows of the front legs; detonation matched above the groins; urine blunt and hard; hind legs straight, parallel to each other and widely spaced from each other; black meats are moderate, but knotty and strong; bowstrings are thick and elastic; the hind legs of the hind legs are long and with fingers similar to the hare; the rule is not fleshy, but dry, slightly thicker than a finger, a sickle, of medium length and with a suspension, that is, with a restroom; тело крепкое, твёрдое и упругое, с отлично развитыми и резко обозначенными мускулами; псовина волнистая и шелковистая, не особенно (густая), но хорошего качества ^[1] .

Псовые борзые злобны, крепки, сильны, резвы и отличаются браском — особенно быстрым порывом к поимке зверя ^[18] .

Чистопородных псовых борзых в настоящее время уже не существует, и во всех современных псовых есть примеси или хортых, или же горских. Восстановлением этой угасшей чисто русской породы собак через подбор производителей, приближающихся к типу её, заняты многие собаководы ^[1] .

Хивинские борзые

Рослее прочих восточных борзых и мясистее их и отличаются огромными, лопухообразными висячими ушами под густою буркою. Они уступают в резвости другим борзым, но едва ли не самые неутомимые ^[1] .

Хортые

They make up a special group of Western European greyhounds, which formerly fell apart into numerous local breeds, but now only Italian greyhounds, or Italian greyhounds, used to rat rats, have survived on the mainland of Europe. Large Horty bred in former Poland and in England; in the first, they were almost completely translated, in England they were crossed to support the breed from complete degeneration with the Bulldogs . Distinctive features of the modern English greyhound are the following: the head is wide and flat, like a snake; gable long, dry, tapering towards the end, without a curtain and without fleas (saggy lips); medium-sized eyes, shiny, color matching the suit of the dog; ears small, drooping, thin and soft; the neck is long and set high, the chest is wide, but not very wide in front; the muscles of the legs are prominent, that is, developed, the back is barred, that is, resembling a bar, a paw is round, catlike; the rule is thin, gravelly and spicy; the dog is short and silky, completely absent on the lower parts of the body; suit, usually one-color; its predominant colors: steel, black and red. English horty very frisky dogs, which was proved by taking in 1889 and 1890 the first prizes for agility at the St. Petersburg cages of the Society for the Promotion of the Field Merits of Hunting Dogs ^[1] .

Purehound greyhounds

Porodnaya group of Russian borzoi that originated from a single impurity of the blood of the Crimean or mountain to the canine .

Modern breeds

Azawak

Azawak is an ancient breed originating from the Southern Sahara and adapted to the characteristics of hunting in harsh climatic conditions. Horse hunters traditionally carry Azawaks in the saddle, dropping to the ground at the sight of prey. The dog may long pursue a hare, the prey does not kill, but keeps until the hunter arrives. Suitable for guard work.

Azawak is a typical southern greyhound, tall, very graceful, with thin skin, small drooping ears. The coat is thin, silky, sand color with white marks. Recognized by FCI in 1980 ^[19] .

Afghan Hound

Afghan hound, whose origin is fanned by legends, belongs to one of the most ancient breeds. The ancestors of the modern Afghan hound were the basins and taigan. Afghans were used for hunting in harsh conditions of mountains and hot desert.

Large, strong and elegant long-haired dog. The head is long, it is proudly lifted, with "east" expression of eyes. The end of the tail is wrapped in a ring. The body is covered with long silky hair, the muzzle and back are smooth. Color can be any. The magnificent wool of the Afghan hounds is exceptionally beautiful, but requires careful care.

Once in Europe at the end of the 19th century, dogs were kept in English kennels and in the first half of the 20th century were exported to the USA and continental Europe from the UK. The Afghans were recognized by the FCI in 1961 ^[20] .

Bakkhmul

A species of aboriginal Afghan hound, bred in the northern mountainous regions of Afghanistan . It is distinguished by extremely long, thin and silky hair ^[21] .

Galgo

The Spanish Galgo (Spanish Greyhound) is descended from the Celtic dogs, as is the Greyhound. According to another version, the galgo is a descendant of a servant, introduced to Spain in the Middle Ages by the Moors . They were loved by Spanish grandees and were used for sporting hare hunting.

Galgo looks like Greyhounds, but shorter, have a more straight back, less muscular. Ears are long, semi-hanging. May have soft or hard wool, any color is allowed. The breed was recognized by FCI in 1971 ^{[22] [23]} .

Greyhound

Shorthair European greyhound, one of the fastest. Greyhounds are believed to have formed in the Middle East or Eastern Europe, but there is no reliable data on their origin. Genetic tests suggest that the breed originated in the south of England 2-2.5 thousand years ago, based on dogs imported by the ancient Celts from Europe. Greyhounds were a popular dog of the nobility, they were expensive and contained in luxury. Used in the popular hare sport hunting. Dogs exported to Virginia in the 16th century were used both for hunting and for stalking indigenous people.

Strong, graceful, large dog. The head is quite wide, long muzzle. Thin ears in the shape of a rose are folded back and half rise when excited. The back is gracefully curved, with a powerful lower back. The chest is deep, with well-curved ribs. Long low tail set slightly bent. The coat is thin and dense, the colors are solid, with white spots, with specks.

Greyhounds are the most popular breed for coursing, for the first time closed course tracks and mechanical bait were used for them. Greyhound’s pedigree books have been maintained in the UK since 1882. Breed recognized FCI in 1955 ^[24] .

Deerhound

The origin of Dirhound, or Scottish Greyhound, is associated with the Greyhound and the Irish Wolfhound. The relatively isolated position of Scotland allowed the dirhaunds to develop abilities corresponding to the peculiarities of the environment: dogs adapted for deer hunting in conditions of steep mountains and plains. Like the Greyhound and the Irish Wolfhound, the dirhaunds have changed little over the centuries. The body build of Dirhaund is more massive than that of the Greyhound; the tough and rather long wool provides protection in harsh climatic conditions. In the Middle Ages, deer hunting was popular among the Scottish nobility, and dirhaunds were an attribute of palace luxury. The dogs were hunted alone or in pairs, the deer were chased, brought down and killed, or were kept and waited for the hunter's arrival. Unlike most greyhounds, dirhound has a good sense of smell. In the USA, dirhaunds were used to hunt coyotes , wolves and rabbits .

A strong, athletic dog, outwardly resembles a wire-haired Greyhound. A long pointed head, strong jaws, deep chest, powerful hind legs. The long tail is straight or slightly curved. The coat is hard, shaggy, tight to the body, painted in gray, fawn, red tones, sometimes with small white spots.

The existence of the breed was threatened by the end of the 18th century, when the Scottish clan system collapsed, but it was preserved by the efforts of enthusiasts. The Dirhound Club in Great Britain was established in 1886, and FCI recognized the breed in 1955 ^[25] .

Irish Wolfhound

The Irish Wolfhound is considered the tallest dog: the standard defines the minimum height for dogs 79 cm, for bitches - 71 cm. The origin of the breed is not known, it is assumed that the ancestors of the Irish wolfhounds are massive and ferocious Celtic dogs. The first clear mention of wolfhounds refers to the year 391, when the dogs were sent to Rome for a fight in the arena. Irish wolfhounds were depicted on royal coats of arms and personified courage and strength.

The Irish Wolfhound is a very big, powerful, muscular dog. Noble head long, powerful jaws. Ears are small, velvety. The back is long, the long tail is slightly curved and lowered. The coat is coarse, especially hard under the jaw and around the eyes (beard and eyebrows). Color spotted, gray, red, black, white, fawn.

In the Middle Ages, wolfhounds were used to control the number of wolves, but later ceased to be fashionable. The breed was restored in the first half of the XIX century, the breed standard was determined in 1886. Breed recognized FCI in 1955 ^[26] .

Italian Greyhound

Magyar Agar

The Magyar Agar, or Hungarian Hound, was bred using both the Eastern Greyhounds and Greyhounds. Agar is not as fast as the Greyhounds, but very hardy. They are used to harass a hare and a fox with a pack of 2-3 dogs each, capable of catching and roe deer .

The dog is of medium height, strong, with a wedge-shaped head, small eyes and semi-erect, high-set ears. The long thin tail is slightly curved, lowered. The coat is rather coarse, close-fitting to the body. Colors are varied. The breed was recognized by FCI in 1963.

Podenko Ibitsenko

Podenko ibitsenko (Ibizan greyhound, ibizar) is a breed that formed in the Spanish Balearic Islands , where it was brought by the Phoenicians from the territories of the Middle East. Dogs were kept for commercial hunting for rabbits and other game. Exceptionally efficient and bouncy, ibizans have outstanding eyesight, smell and hearing. The breed's “soft grip” allowed the dog to bring live prey to the hunter. Traditionally, dogs were hunted alone or in pairs, but they are also able to hunt in a pack of a dozen dogs.

The Ibiza Greyhound is a slender, tall, athletic-looking dog. The head is long, the muzzle is thin and pointed, the nose is bright, the eyes are amber in color. Ibizan has remarkable moving, large, erect ears. The suit is white, chestnut, brown, piebald. There are smooth-haired and wire-haired varieties. Breed recognized FCI in 1954 ^[27] .

Canenko Podenko

Canarian Podenco, or Canarian Greyhound is an ancient breed of Egyptian origin. Probably brought to the Canary Islands by the Phoenicians. According to another version, the breed was obtained by crossing the Ibizan and Portuguese greyhounds, which were brought to the islands from the Iberian Peninsula to deal with an excessive number of rabbits. Used in hunting for a hare and a rabbit. Canary hounds are very fast, in hunting they rely not on sight, but on hearing and scent. They can hunt alone and in the pack, kill the prey on their own or hold it until the hunter arrives.

A dog of small stature, very slender, elongated lines, a little stretched. Subcutaneous fat is almost completely absent, so that the outlines of the ribs and spine are visible, but the muscles are very developed. The muzzle is flat, the nose is light, the eyes are dark amber. Ears are large, pointed, in a calm state folded back, in the guard - standing and slightly hung. The coat is smooth, the color is white-red in different shades. Breed recognized FCI in 1987.

Polish Hart

Greyhound breed bred in Poland . The first reliable mention of the Polish hart dates back to 1823. Probably, the Polish greyhound was the result of the crossing of Asian greyhounds, received by the Polish kings as a gift or as war trophies. The dogs are powerful, hardy, used in the hunt for hare, fox, goat and even a wolf.

Polish hart - a tall elegant dog, with a narrow muzzle, big eyes. The ears are small, pulled back. The tail is long, saber, the end is bent into a ring. The coat is short, elastic and smooth, small turns are allowed on the back of the legs and a pendant on the tail. All colors except brightened are allowed.

Separate dogs, thanks to poachers , survived world wars and the ban on hunting with greyhounds introduced in 1946. Restoration of the breed on the basis of the remaining livestock started in the middle of the 20th century, using Hortachs. The breed standard was approved in 1986, recognized by FCI in 1989.

Russian Borzoi

The breed, which has become one of the symbols of Russian dog breeding, was bred by modifying an old canine greyhound , including with the addition of blood of the Horty, Crimean and Mountain Greyhounds. Dogs are large, tall. The name of the breed comes from the luxurious dogs of these long-haired dogs. The coat is formed from long wavy guard hairs or curly hair, without undercoat. The hair on the head and front of the legs is short, the restroom hair is located on the neck, back of the legs, on the lower part of the body, forms a suspension on the tail. Color varied ^[10] .

The skeleton is strong, the muscles are elongated, the head is long, narrow, the transition from the forehead to the muzzle is not pronounced, at the end of the muzzle there is a slight crook. The ears are small, sharp, set high and pulled back. The eyes are large, brown, slightly slanting. The chest of the dog is deep and noticeably already posteriorly. The back is wide, moderately arched, steeper in males. The tail is saber, thin ^[10] .

The breed was recognized by FCI in 1956 and is popular all over the world ^[28] .

Saluki

Saluki, or gazelle dog - one of the first dog breeds, for a long time known as the royal dog of Egypt. The origin is obliged to the nomadic tribes of the Middle East, who were considered a gift of Allah, a "pure" dog. Used for hunting gazelles , hares, foxes and other small game. In accordance with the Muslim tradition of prescribing the killing of an animal in a special way , dogs were trained to capture and hold caught game. Saluki are hardy enough to chase the beast both on rocky and sandy terrain.

Saluki is a rather large, graceful dog with a narrow head, tender eyes and long ears. The tail is twisted at the end. Two types of saluki formed in various Bedouin tribes: smooth and “with feathers”, the latter have long silky hair on their ears and a suspension on their tail. Any colors, except piebald. In Europe, the Saluki club was created in 1923 in England, the breed is recognized by the FCI in 1966 ^[29] .

Servants

Slugs (servants, Arabian greyhound, Arabian greyhound, Bedouin greyhound) - North African desert dog of ancient origin. Externally similar to the Saluki, however, a DNA study confirmed that these are different breeds. In tradition, the Bedouins were considered a “pure” dog, they were kept in residential tents, perceived as family members and monitored for purebred breeding. Dogs were painted with henna and their ears were cut. Slugs were successful in hunting for jackals and wild boars , they could also be used as guard dogs.

The dogs are rather large, majestic, with a long muzzle and small ears pressed to the head. The coat is thin and smooth, tight-fitting. Color from sand to red, may have blackening and tigers. The tail is long.

Servants were brought to Europe at the end of the 19th century and were very popular in France and the Netherlands , but were subsequently almost lost. Since the middle of the 20th century, efforts have been made to preserve the breed. The breed was recognized by FCI in 1954 ^[30] .

Basins

Tazy (Kazakh Greyhound) is one of the most ancient breeds of dogs of the eastern type, an extremely graceful and proportionally folded dog, capable of a long jump. Medium and above average height, a variety of colors. The coat is short, somewhat harsh, without undercoat, forms a burqa on the ears and a rare suspension on the tail, with a tassel at the end. The head is small and dry with large dark eyes, the neck is thin and flexible. The chest is deep, compressed from the sides, the back is straight or slightly arched. The tail is thin, not long, saber-like, at the end it is bent into a ring or spiral.

In the breed, basins distinguish Kazakh and Turkmen varieties. Kazakh Tazy mostly have a dry, strong constitution, while among Turkmen dogs of a dry light type of constitution and lower growth prevail ^{[1] [10]} .

Taigan

Taigan is an aboriginal breed of dogs from the ancient group of Central Asian hounds, which was formed and spread in extreme mountainous areas of Kyrgyzstan , mainly in the Tien Shan zone. The most important feature of the breed is its adaptation to hunting in mountain conditions at an altitude of 2-4 thousand meters above sea level. Taigans are used for hunting foxes, badgers ; with a group of 2-3 dogs they hunt a wolf, a mountain sheep ( argali ), a mountain goat. It can be used for hunting together with golden eagles . When hunting for ungulates, it chases a wounded animal and holds it, sometimes strangling it. Taigan trades the groundhog, managing to catch him from an ambush before the animal disappears underground.

Внешне похож на тазы, но отличается более крепким сложением, более массивным костяком. Тайган — крепкая пропорционально сложенная собака, среднего и выше среднего роста, с развитой мускулатурой. Голова удлиненная, сухая, несколько крупнее и грубее, чем у тазы. Уши висячие в бурках. Спина прямая. На конце хвоста — кольцо. Шерсть мягкая, на ушах, на боках, плечах, бедрах — удлиненная, волосяная щётка на ногах, защищающая лапы от повреждений, хорошо развита, окрасы разнообразны.

Сходство тайгана с тазы послужило основанием для возникновения гипотезы о том, что тайган — не самостоятельная порода, а горное отродье тазы ^[10] .

Уиппет

Уиппет — небольшая (до 50 см высотой) борзая собака, происхождение которой неизвестно. Были распространены в северных районах Англии XIX века, считалась «грейхаундом для бедняков», поскольку была дешевле и проще в содержании. Помимо охоты на кроликов и другую мелкую дичь, использовался для бегов и браконьерской охоты, благодаря исключительной скорости для собаки столь небольшого размера.

Уиппет — изящная, грациозная собака. Голова длинная и худая, уши маленькие, в форме розы. Грудная клетка глубокая, рёбра хорошо изогнуты. Спина длинная, поясница изящно выгнута. Хвост длинный, сужается к концу. Шерсть тонкая, короткая, плотно прилегающая к телу, допускаются любые окрасы.

Несмотря на британское происхождение, впервые уиппет был признан в США в 1988 году, в Великобритании — в 1991. FCI зарегистрировала породу в 1955 году ^[31] .

Фараонова собака

Хортая

Порода выведена в XIX веке с использованием псовой и английской короткошёрстной борзой в юго-западных областях России. Впоследствии были прилиты крови крымских и горских борзых, а также русской псовой борзой. Хортая — довольно крупная и крепкая собака. Окрас любой, кроме коричневого, встречаются крап, мазурина и подпал. Шерсть короткая, прямая, зимой дополняется подшёрстком, имеется редкий украшающий волос на задней стороне бедра и подвес на хвосте. Череп умеренно широкий, голова клинообразная, удлиненная, переход от лба к морде слабо выражен. Встречается горбоносость. Уши подобны ушам русской псовой борзой. Глаза овальные, большие, карие. Спина широкая, чуть выгнутая. Шея длинная, посажена высоко. Хвост часто закручен на конце ^[10] .

Чирнеко дель Этна

• Охота на зайца с борзыми «по-зрячему»

• Безобразов С. В. Борзые собаки // Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Борзая собака // Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Гликина Е. Г. Борзые. — Москва, Донецк: АСТ-Сталкер, 2008. — 77 с. — (В вашем доме). — ISBN 978-5-17-055682-3 .
• Круковер В. Собаки. The most complete encyclopedia. — М. : ЭКСМО, 2013. — 464 с. — ISBN 978-5-699-59539-6 .
• Пикерел Т. Собаки: иллюстрированная энциклопедия = The spirit of the dog: An illustrated history / пер. Кутдюсовой А. Р. — М. : ЭКСМО, 2014. — С. 14—15. — 288 с. — ISBN 978-5-9--71970-9.
• Сабанеев Л. П. Собаки охотничьи… борзые и гончие / сост. Калганов Е. А.. — М. : ТЕРРА, 1992. — 571 с. — ISBN 5-85255-188-0 .