Goritsian dialect (also Goritsian dialect , eastern Friulian dialect ; Friulian. Furlan gurizan , Italian. Friulano goriziano, friulano orientale ) - one of the dialects of the Central-East Friulian dialect group , widespread in the southeast of the Friuli region of Italy - Venice Gorizia zone - Monfalcone - Aquileia ) [4] [5] . The Goritsian dialect is characterized by a number of specific linguistic phenomena that distinguish it from the dialects of the rest of the Central-East Friulian area, it notes a large number of lexical borrowings from German and Slovenian languages [6] .
From the beginning of the 18th century to the present, literary works have been published in the Koin of the city of Gorizia [7] .
General information
The Goritsian range covers a small area in the southeastern part of the Friuli region, bounded by the cities of Gorizia (from the north), Monfalcone (from the southeast) and Aquileia (from the southwest). According to the modern administrative-territorial division of Italy , dialects of the Goritsian dialect are located mainly within the territory of the province of Gorizia and a small part of the province of Udine , bordering Gorizia, in the Friuli – Venezia Giulia region [1] [4] .
From the south, west and north, the areas of distribution of the Goritsian dialect are adjoined by the dialects of central-Friul dialects : from the south-west - the area of central-south dialects, from the west - the area of common central- Friulian dialects, from the north-west - the area of dialects of the city of Cividale and its environs. From the northeast and east with the Goritsian area borders the area of distribution of the Slovenian language . Also in the east, the area of the Venetian dialect [1] [2] [4] [8] adjoins the Goritsian range.
Among the inhabitants of Gorizia, in addition to Friulian and Italian , the Venetian dialect in its so-called is also common [9] .
Features of the Goritsian dialect developed under conditions of relative isolation of its range from the ranges of other Friulian dialects - since 1550 Gorizia became part of the Habsburg empire , while the rest of Friuli remained a part of the Venetian Republic for a long time [10] . The German language had a certain influence on the Goritsian dialect - the language of administration in the lands of Cisleitania , and the dialects of Slovenes living on the eastern border of the Goritsian area, including in the vicinity of the city of Gorizia. The lexical system of the Goritsian dialect included numerous borrowings from German and Slovenian languages [6] .
Since the 18th century, along with the Friulian script based on the dialect of the city of Udine , a written tradition began to develop in Gorizia at the local city koyne . At the beginning of the 18th century, the first literary almanac (stroller) was published in the Goritsian written version of the Friulian language, and its publication continues to this day. Currently, there is a process of smoothing out linguistic differences between the central koine (Udine koine) and the Goritsian koine [7] .
Dialect Features
The main dialectical features of the Goritsian dialect include [11] :
- lack of opposition to long and short vowels , as in West Friulian dialects;
- the presence of endings -a in feminine nouns: k'aza "home";
- irregular use of subjective clinics ;
- the spread of the pronouns of the pronouns after the participles in the analytic forms of the verb: 'o ai puartadial “I took it to him”;
- the absence of the interrogative (inverted) form of the verb, etc.
Notes
- Sources
- ↑ 1 2 3 Vanelli, Laura. Friulani, dialetti (Italian) . Enciclopedia dell'Italiano (2010) . Treccani.it. (Retrieved March 23, 2016)
- ↑ 1 2 Roseano P. Suddivisione dialettale del friulano (Italian) // S. Heinemann, L. Melchior (eds.). Manuale di linguistica friulana. - Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 2015 .-- P. 163. - ISBN 978-3-11-031059-7 . (Retrieved March 23, 2016)
- ↑ Koryakov Yu. B. Appendix. Cards. 9. Peninsula of Istria and the south of the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region // Languages of the World. Romance languages . - M .: Academia , 2001. - ISBN 5-87444-016-X .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Narumov B.P., Sukhachev N.L. Friulian language // World Languages. Romance languages. - M .: Academia, 2001 .-- S. 367. - ISBN 5-87444-016-X .
- ↑ Roseano P. Suddivisione dialettale del friulano (Italian) // S. Heinemann, L. Melchior (eds.). Manuale di linguistica friulana. - Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 2015 .-- P. 162. - ISBN 978-3-11-031059-7 . (Retrieved March 23, 2016)
- ↑ 1 2 Narumov B.P., Sukhachev N.L. Friulian language // World Languages. Romance languages. - M .: Academia, 2001 .-- S. 390. - ISBN 5-87444-016-X .
- ↑ 1 2 Narumov B.P., Sukhachev N.L. Friulian language // World Languages. Romance languages. - M .: Academia, 2001 .-- S. 368-369. - ISBN 5-87444-016-X .
- ↑ Narumov B.P., Sukhachev N.L. Friulian language // World Languages. Romance languages. - M .: Academia, 2001 .-- S. 366. - ISBN 5-87444-016-X .
- ↑ Narumov B.P., Sukhachev N.L. Friulian language // World Languages. Romance languages. - M .: Academia, 2001 .-- S. 368. - ISBN 5-87444-016-X .
- ↑ Narumov B.P., Sukhachev N.L. Friulian language // World Languages. Romance languages. - M .: Academia, 2001 .-- S. 365. - ISBN 5-87444-016-X .
- ↑ Narumov B.P., Sukhachev N.L. Friulian language // World Languages. Romance languages. - M .: Academia, 2001 .-- S. 390-391. - ISBN 5-87444-016-X .