Cadmium sulfide is a chemical compound of cadmium and sulfur with the formula CdS. Cadmium sulfide exists in the form of the minerals grinokite and houliite , which are found in the form of yellow deposits on sphalerite (ZnS) and smithsonite .
| Cadmium sulfide | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| Are common | |
| Systematic name | cadmium sulfide |
| Traditional names | cadmium sulfide; as a pigment: cadmium yellow, cadmium yellow |
| Chem. formula | Cds |
| Rat formula | Cds |
| Physical properties | |
| condition | crystalline |
| Molar mass | 144.46 g / mol |
| Density | 4.82 g / cm³ |
| Thermal properties | |
| T. melt. | 1748 ° C (hex.) [1] |
| T. sub. | 980 ° C |
| Education enthalpy | −144 kJ / mol |
| Chemical properties | |
| Water solubility | insoluble |
| Structure | |
| Crystal structure | zinc blende a = 0.58320 nm; [2] wurtzite a = 0.41348 nm, c = 0.6749 nm; [2] |
| Classification | |
| Reg. CAS number | |
| PubChem | |
| Reg. EINECS number | 215-147-8 |
| Smiles | |
| Inchi | |
| RTECS | EV3150000 |
| Chebi | |
| UN number | |
| ChemSpider | |
| Security | |
| R-phrases | R45 , R22 , R48 / 23/25 , R62 , R63 , R68 , R53 |
| S-phrases | S53 , S45 , S61 |
| NFPA 704 |  0 2 0 |
Content
Propagation in nature
On the territory of the former USSR, hollite-containing ores are found in Altyn-Topkan in Uzbekistan . Greenokite, as a rule, is found in xanthroite in the form of an X-ray amorphous difference [3] . The minerals grinokite and houliite are not widely distributed in nature, therefore, for industrial use and scientific and technical work, cadmium sulfide is obtained by synthesis .
Structural Properties
Cadmium sulfide crystallizes in two main modifications - sphalerite ( zinc blende ) and wurtzite . Grinokita is characterized by the hexagonal structure of wurtzite . It has a yellowish color with a specific gravity of 4.7 g / cm³ and a Mohs hardness of 3.8. Houliitis has a cubic structure of sphalerite ( zinc blende ).
Application
Pigments
Cadmium sulfide pigments are appreciated for their good temperature stability in many polymers , for example, engineering plastics. When some of the sulfur atoms are replaced by selenium in CdS crystals, a wide variety of dye colors can be obtained from green-yellow to red-violet. Climatic stability for this dye is 8, that is, it is resistant to solar ultraviolet radiation . Cadmium sulfide based paint is called cadmium yellow , cadmium yellow or just cadmium .
Optoelectronics and Luminescence
Cadmium sulfide is a wide - gap semiconductor with a band gap of 2.42 eV at 300 K. This property of CdS is used in optoelectronics , both in photodetectors and in solar panels. Cadmium sulfide is used for the manufacture of photoresistors (devices whose electrical resistance varies depending on the illumination). Cadmium sulfide is used as a phosphor (also in a mixture with zinc sulfide and other impurities).
Particle Registration
Scintillators are made from cadmium sulfide single crystals to detect elementary particles and gamma radiation.
Laser technology
Cadmium sulfide single crystals can be used as a working medium of solid - state lasers [4] [5] .
Piezoelectric and pyroelectric
Both crystalline modifications of CdS (cubic and hexagonal) exhibit piezoelectric properties, and hexagonal, in addition, pyroelectric ones [6] .
Nanotechnology
Nanostructured materials ( quantum dots , nanowires , nanotubes , etc.) are created on the basis of cadmium sulfide, that is, ordinary compounds synthesized within artificially created boundaries of "limited geometry". Such materials are used in medicine and biology as luminescent labels. They can also be used in optoelectronics , lasers , LEDs , QD-LED displays , etc.
Links
- International Chemical Safety Card 0404
- IARC Monograph: "Cadmium and Cadmium Compounds" Last access Nov. 2005.
- National Pollutant Inventory - Cadmium and compounds
- [1] Report by the Academy of Medical Sciences to the Chief Scientific Adviser, Ministry of Defense on the Zinc Cadmium Sulphide dispersion trials acquired in the United Kingdom between 1953 and 1964.
- Cadmium (II) sulphide information at Webelements .
- Bovina L.A. et al. Physics of Compounds AIIBVI / ed. A.N. Georgobiani, M.K.Sheinkman. - M.: Science, Ch. ed. Phys.-Math. lit., 1986. - 319, [1] p. : rice, table - 2600 copies.
Notes
- ↑ Georgobiani A.N., Sheinkman M.K. (Ed.). Physics of AIIBVI Compounds. - Textbook. allowance. - Moscow: Nauka, 1986 .-- S. 284.
- ↑ 1 2 Georgobiani A.N., Sheinkman M.K. (ed.). Physics of AIIBVI Compounds. - Textbook. allowance. - Moscow: Nauka, 1986 .-- S. 289.
- ↑ Yakhontova L.K., Zvereva V.P. Fundamentals of the mineralogy of hypergenesis. . - Textbook. allowance. - Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 2000 .-- S. 331. - ISBN 5-7442-1235-3 .
- ↑ Akimov Yu. A. et al. KGP-2: AN ELECTRON-BEAM-PUMPED CADMIUM SULFIDE LASER (Eng.) // Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics : journal. - 1972. - Vol. 2 , no. 3 . - P. 284 . - DOI : 10.1070 / QE1972v002n03ABEH004443 .
- ↑ Agarwal R. et al. Lasing in Single Cadmium Sulfide Nanowire Optical Cavities (Eng.) // Nano Letters : journal. - 2005. - Vol. 5 , no. 5 . - P. 917-920 . - DOI : 10.1021 / nl050440u . - arXiv : cond-mat / 0412144v1 . - PMID 15884894 .
- ↑ Minkus W. Temperature Dependence of the Pyroelectric Effect in Cadmium Sulfide (Eng.) // Physical Review : journal. - 1965. - Vol. 138 , no. 4A . - P. A1277 . - DOI : 10.1103 / PhysRev.138.A1277 .