Isopropylamine is an organic substance of composition C 3 H 9 N, belonging to the class of amines .
| Isopropylamine | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| Are common | |
| Systematic name | 2-propanamine; 1-methylethylamine; 2-propylamine; monoisopropylamine; sec- propylamine |
| Chem. formula | C 3 H 9 N |
| Rac formula | (CH 3 ) 2 CHNH 2 |
| Physical properties | |
| condition | liquid |
| Molar mass | 59.11 g / mol |
| Density | 0.688 g / cmΒ³ |
| Ionization energy | |
| Thermal properties | |
| T. melt. | -101.2 Β° C |
| T. Kip. | 34 Β° C |
| T. v. | -20 Β° C |
| T. sspl. | 400 Β° C |
| Cr. pace. | 203 Β° C |
| Mol heat capacity | 163.8 (g) J / (mol Β· K) |
| Education enthalpy | -112.3 (g) kJ / mol |
| Vapor pressure | |
| Chemical properties | |
| pK a | |
| Optical properties | |
| Refractive index | 1.37698 |
| Classification | |
| Reg. CAS number | 75-31-0 |
| Pubchem | |
| Reg. EINECS number | 200-860-9 |
| SMILES | |
| Inchi | |
| Reg. EC number | 612-007-00-1 |
| RTECS | NT8400000 |
| CHEBI | 15739 |
| UN number | 1221 |
| Chemspider | |
| Security | |
| Toxicity | high |
| GHS pictograms |    |
| NFPA 704 |  four 3 0 |
Physical Properties
Colorless transparent liquid [3] with a characteristic strong ammonia smell.
Unlimited soluble in water, ethyl alcohol , diethyl ether [3] .
Chemical Properties
A typical representative of aliphatic amines [4] .
Reacts with strong oxidizing agents, acids and acid anhydrides. Reacts violently with nitroparaffins , halogenated hydrocarbons and many other substances.
Aggressive against copper, lead, zinc, tin.
Getting
In industry, they are obtained by reductive amination of isopropanol or acetone at a temperature of 150β200 Β° C and a pressure of 15β30 atm in the presence of a nickel (or copper and the like) catalyst. In this method, a mixture of mono- and diisopropylamines is formed [4] [5] .
Application
Used in the manufacture of electrolytes , dyes, herbicides , agents for dry cleaning, flotation agents , emulsion floor mastic, antioxidants, antiozonants and rubber vulcanization accelerators, in the pharmaceutical industry [4] .
It is used as a component of binary chemical weapons to obtain sarin [6] .
Toxicity
Even in low concentrations and doses, it affects the nervous system, causes disturbances in erythropoiesis , permeability of the walls of blood vessels, cell membranes, liver and kidney functions, and development of degeneration [7] [4] .
In acute poisoning, it changes the activity of aminooxidases , which leads to impaired metabolism of biogenic amines and the breakdown of neurohumoral regulation [7] .
Irritating to skin, mucous membranes of eyes and upper respiratory tract [8] .
It decomposes when heated to form nitrogen oxides and hydrogen cyanide .
The MPC in the air of the working zone is 2 mg / mΒ³ [8] .
Notes
- 2 1 2 http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0360.html
- β Hall H. K. Correlation of the Base Strengths of Amines 1 // J. Am. Chem. Soc. / P. J. Stang - American Chemical Society , 1957. - Vol. 79, Iss. 20. - P. 5441β5444. - ISSN 0002-7863 ; 1520-5126 ; 1943-2984 - doi: 10.1021 / JA01577A030
- β 1 2 Brief Chemical Reference, 1977 , p. 175
- β 1 2 3 4 Chemical Encyclopedia, Vol. 4, 1995 , p. 102
- β B. K. Krichevtsov, D. 3. Zawelsky and M. Kh. Dwarf. The method of producing isopropylamine
- β CBRNE - Nerve Agents, Binary - GB2, VX2. Author: Larissa I Velez-Daubon, MD; Chief Editor: Robert G Darling, MD, FACEP (English)
- β 1 2 Harmful substances in industry. Volume 2, 1976 , p. 218.
- β 1 2 Chemical Encyclopedia, Volume 4, 1995 , p. 103
Sources
- Rabinovich V. A., Havin Z. Ya. Brief chemical handbook. - L .: Chemistry, 1977. - 376 p.
- Lazarev N.V. Harmful substances in industry. Volume 2. - L .: Chemistry, 1976. - 624 p.
- Editorial: Knunyants I.L. , et al. Chemical Encyclopedia, Volume 4. βM . : The Great Russian Encyclopedia, 1995. 640 p. - ISBN 5-85270-092-4 .
- Isopropylamine. Toxicology and safety
- CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. - 90ed. - CRC Press, 2010. - p. 5-25 (English)
- Flick EW Industrial solvent handbook. - 5ed. - 1998. - p. 692 (eng.)