The Turkestan Front is an operational-strategic association of the Red Army during the Civil War and in the fight against Basmachi . It was formed on the territory of TurkVO by order of the PBC of the Turkestan Republic on February 23, 1919. As the main front of the Red Army, it was formed by the directive of the commander in chief on August 11, 1919 in the territory of the Samara, Astrakhan, Orenburg provinces and the Urals region by renaming the Southern Army Group from the Eastern Front of the Red Army from August 14, 1919 (the headquarters was in Samara ).
| Turkestan front Turk.F | |
|---|---|
 Emblem of the PBC of the RSFSR , 1918 | |
| Years of existence | August 11, 1919 - transformed in June 1926 |
| A country |  RSFSR |
| Included in | Red army |
| Number | about 114,000 people. |
| Dislocation | TurkVO of the Soviet Republic |
| Participation in | Civil war |
| Commanders | |
| Famous commanders | See the list. |
By 1920, the Turkestan front included 3 rifle and 4 cavalry divisions, units of the Orenburg, Ural and Aktobe fortifications. areas, as well as a large number of small detachments (up to 36 thousand bayonets and sabers). In total, the Turkestan front totaled 114 thousand people.
Content
Composition
The Turkestan Front included:
- Astrakhan Group of Forces (until October 14, 1919, later became part of the 11th Army)
- 4th Army
- 1st Army
- troops of the Turkestan Soviet Republic (from August 25, 1919)
On July 31, 1922: [1] , [2]
- 1st Turkestan Rifle Division
- 1st Turkestan Rifle Regiment
- 2nd Turkestan Rifle Regiment
- 3rd Turkestan Rifle Regiment
- 2nd Turkestan Rifle Division
- 4th Turkestan Rifle Regiment
- 5th Turkestan Rifle Regiment
- 6th Turkestan Rifle Regiment
- 3rd Turkestan Rifle Division
- 7th Turkestan Rifle Regiment
- 8th Turkestan Rifle Regiment
- 9th Turkestan Rifle Regiment
- 4th Turkestan Rifle Division
- 10th Turkestan Rifle Regiment
- 11th Turkestan Rifle Regiment
- 12th Turkestan Rifle Regiment
October 12, 1922 - June 1926:
- 13th Rifle Corps
Fighting
In May - July 1919, the troops of the Turkestan Front defeated the Turkestan Army - an armed formation of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia in the Trans-Caspian Region.
In 1919, the troops of the Turkestan Front defeated the southern army of Kolchak, broke through the blockade of Turkestan (September 13, 1919) and joined forces with the Turkestan Soviet Republic.
Until mid-October 1919, they fought against the Ural Cossack Army of General Tolstov and the Army of Denikin in the lower Volga and the Ural River .
In the Ural-Guryev operation of 1919-1920, the troops of the Turkestan Front defeated the Ural White Cossack Army and the Alash-Horde troops, and soon liquidated the White Guard troops in Semirechye.
As a result of the Bukhara operation of 1920 , the regime of the Bukhara emir was overthrown.
Report of the Assistant Chief of Staff of the Turkestan Front G. S. Gorchakov
- On the situation on the Turkfront of December 6, 1920 [3]In early October, the Ferghana Group of Forces was tasked with clearing the Basmachi region east of the Namangan - Margelan -Ohna line. For this part of the group occupied mountain passes, allowing access to the Kugart, Uzgen and Alai valleys. In addition, barriers were set up along the Namangan - Margelan line to close the Basmachi’s routes to the Kokand district. The main forces of the group (cavalry) had the task, acting on a wide front, to push the enemy from the Namangan-Fergana line east to the Bazar-Kurgan - Andijan -Shaari-khan line and then, leaning on this area as an axis, approach the left flank in an arc Bazar-Kuragak- Uzgen - Lyangar and strike south to press the enemy to the mountain passages. This operation yielded positive results - the Basmachi, having received a number of short but frequent blows and having lost a significant number of dead and wounded, were forced to seek salvation on the outskirts of the valley, in inaccessible gorges of the mountains.
At the end of October, a second operation was undertaken, which consisted in maneuvering the 7th and 8th Infantry Brigades of the 3rd Infantry Division and the 4th, 5th and 6th Brigades of the 2nd Infantry Division on a wide front. The maneuvering of the 7th and 8th brigades was reduced to the fact that they should concentrate in a marching order: the first in Kokand, the second in Namangan. Carrying out such a regrouping, the units also carried out combat missions to clear their lane from the Basmachis. At the same time, the brigades of the 2nd Infantry Division moved on a wide front: the 4th brigade - from Andijan to Osh region, the 5th brigade - from Ferghana to Andijan and the 6th brigade - from Namangan to Ferghana region. After this operation, the basmachi, having also suffered significant losses, sprayed onto small gangs and stopped active operations for a while.
In November, the third operation was carried out, with the aim of clearing the Basmachi of the area adjacent to the Andijan-Margelan-Kokand railway, and the area at the bend formed by the Naryn and Karadarya rivers. This operation ended in early December with significant results: a complete dispersal of the enemy’s forces, sensitive losses of the killed, wounded and in the material part, moral depression and, as a result of it, the transfer of some units to the position of civilians (but not forever, but temporarily, in readiness rise again at the first opportunity).
In the early days of December, the cavalry operation began to clear the right bank of the river from the enemy. The Syr Darya on the Pap-Kamysh-Kurgan section and the Isfara Lyaplik-Isfane-Ura-Tyube district.
Pom. Chief of Staff Turk. Gorchakov front
December 06, 1920
(RGASPI F.670. OP.1. D.55. L. 103-111)
- As the commander of the Turkestan Front, G. Ya. Sokolnikov managed to achieve significant success in solving one of the main tasks of domestic policy - the fight against basmachi , as evidenced by the figures given in the report of the assistant chief of staff of the front Gorchakov on the situation on the Turkfront from December 6, 1920 .
Headquarters of the Turkestan Front: G. Ya. Sokolnikov and staff workersTable 1
Basmach attacks in the fall of 1920
month railways ginneries September 17 15 October five 2 November 0 one table 2
The loss of the Basmachi in the fall of 1920
month killed captives weapons cartridges horses September 9 45 45 329 90 October 17 61 61 517 160 November 45 180 180 785 172 (RGASPI F.670. OP.1. D.55. L. 103-111)
In 1921-1926, the troops of the Turkestan Front fought Basmachi in the Ferghana Valley, Eastern Bukhara and Khiva.
On October 12, 1922, the commander of the troops of the Turkestan Front issued Order No. 345 on the formation of the 13th Rifle Corps from units located on the territory of the Bukhara People’s Republic and Samarkand Region. Management was in the city of New Bukhara . The corps was led by the Revolutionary Military Council [1] [2] [4] [5] .
After the suppression of the Basmachi movement, in June 1926 the Turkestan Front was transformed into the Central Asian Military District .
Command
Commanders:
- I.P. Belov (April 1919 - August 1919) - commanded the Turkestan Front of the TASSR.
- M.V. Frunze (August 15, 1919 - September 10, 1920)
- G. Ya. Sokolnikov (September 10, 1920 - March 8, 1921)
- V.S. Lazarevich (March 8, 1921 - February 11, 1922)
- V. I. Shorin (February 11 - October 18, 1922)
- A.I. Cork (October 18, 1922 - August 12, 1923)
- S. A. Pugachev (August 12, 1923 - April 30, 1924)
- M.K. Lewandowski (April 30, 1924 - December 2, 1925)
- K.A. Avksentievsky (December 2, 1925 - June 4, 1926)
Some members of PBC
- P.I. Baranov (August 15 - October 16, 1919)
- K. A. Avksentievsky (August 15-22, 1919)
- C. 3. Eliava (August 15, 1919 - September 23, 1920)
- V.V. Kuybyshev (January 14, 1919 - September 20, 1920)
- J. E. Rudzutak (August 25, 1922 - February 1, 1923)
- R.I. Berzin (December 15, 1923 - September 14, 1924)
- A.I. Todorsky (January 3 - May 18, 1924)
- HH Kuzmin (December 5, 1925 - June 4, 1926)
and etc.
Chiefs of Staff
- A.A. Baltiysky (August 15-23, 1919)
- F.F. Novitsky (VRID, August 23 - October 2, 1919)
- A.A. Baltiysky (October 2 - December 15, 1919)
- G. A. Shpilko (December 15, 1919 - 1920) [6]
- A. A. Baltic (1920 - March 18, 1920) [7]
- A.K. Anders (March 18 - April 29, 1920)
- P.V. Blagoveshchensky (VRID, April 29 - September 24, 1920)
- F.P. Shafalovich (September 24, 1920 - December 16, 1922)
- A. A. Gerardi (VRID, December 16, 1922 - February 17, 1923)
- A.V. Kirpichnikov (February 17 - October 15, 1923)
- A. D. Shuvaev (October 15, 1923 - April 25, 1924)
- N.I. Kamkov (April 25 - June 28, 1924)
- B. N. Kondratiev (June 28, 1924 - June 4, 1926)
1st assistant chief of staff
- G. S. Gorchakov [8] (from October 1920 - October 20, 1921)
- A.A. Gerardi (from October 20, 1921 - xx. Xx. Xxxx.)
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Stepanov A. Emblems and encryption of the Red Army 1922–1924.
- ↑ 1 2 Website of SIBERIA.
- ↑ Shumov S.A., Andreev A.R. Basmachism. - M .: Eksmo , 2005 .-- S. 430-432. - ISBN 5-699-08722-2
- ↑ TsGSA. F.895; 672 d .; 1922 - 1926
- ↑ Site “Archives of Russia”. Central State Archive of the Soviet Army.
- ↑ Shpilko Grigory Andreevich . // Project "Russian Army in the Great War".
- ↑ Baltic (Andreev) Alexander Alekseevich
- ↑ RGASPI F.670. OP.1. D.55. L. 103-111. The activities of G. Ya. Sokolnikov in Turkestan (1920-1921), O. S. Chigir - Ryazan State University named after S.A. Yesenin st. 69
Literature
- Civil war and military intervention in the USSR. Encyclopedia. M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1983.
- Directives of the High Command of the Red Army (1917-1920). Collection of documents. - M. , 1969.
- Directives of the command of the fronts of the Red Army (1917-1922). Collection of documents. T. 2-4. - M., 1972-78.
- MV Frunze on the fronts of the civil war. Collection of documents. - M., 1941.
- Inoyatov X. Sh. Victory of Soviet power in Turkestan. - M., 1978.
- Team of authors . Red Banner Turkestan / Under the Society. ed. Army General N.I. Popov . - 2nd ed., Rev. and add. - M .: Military Publishing , 1988 .-- 414 p. - 35 thousand copies - ISBN 5-203-00036-0 .
- Gorlov V. On some issues of military art in the hostilities of the Turkestan front [August - October 1919]. - “Military History Journal”, 1977, No. 4.
- Turkestan Front // Civil War and Military Intervention in the USSR: Encyclopedia / Ch. ed. S. S. Khromov; Ed. Col.: N. N. Azovtsev, E. G. Gimpelson, P. A. Golub et al. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1983. - P. 604-605. - 150,000 copies.
- Military Encyclopedic Dictionary. M., Military Publishing House, 1984.P.757-Turkestan Front.
- Central State Archive of the Soviet Army. F.895; 672 d .; 1922 - 1926 - 13th sk.
- Stepanov A. Emblems and encryption of the Red Army 1922–1924. Part I. Tseikhgauz. No. 4 (32), 2009.
Links
- https://web.archive.org/web/20131017005209/http://guides.rusarchives.ru/browse/guidebook.html?bid=121&sid=91911 Archives of Russia site. Central State Archive of the Soviet Army. Section VIII. Management and headquarters of infantry formations and units. Office rifle corps.
- http://www.rkka.ru/handbook/personal/repress/komkor.htm Website of the Red Army. Encyclopedia. Repression in the Red Army. Comcor. P. 57. Todorsky Alexander Ivanovich.
- SIBERIA website. http://siberia-miniatures.ru/forum/showthread.php?fid=29&tid=158 Studio "Siberia" forum »The interwar period (1918-1939) / Interwar period (1918-1939)» Thread: Red Army emblems and encryption . 1922-1924 — Page 1.
- Gusterin P.V. On the issue of Basmachism.